Enhancing motor performance through brief skin cooling: exploring the role of enhanced sympathetic tone and muscle spindle sensitivity

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dc.authoridhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7708-8835
dc.authoridhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8315-8601
dc.authoridhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-0919-0512
dc.authoridhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-6522
dc.authoridhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9695-062X
dc.authoridhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5380-4972
dc.authoridhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6241-8013
dc.authoridhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9962-075X
dc.authoridhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-1358
dc.contributor.authorÇetin, Mert
dc.contributor.authorKökçe, Mustafa
dc.contributor.authorKaraoğlu, Ayşe
dc.contributor.authorKalaoğlu, Eser
dc.contributor.authorKibar, Halime
dc.contributor.authorSezikli, Selim
dc.contributor.authorÖzkan, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorTürker, Kemal Sıtkı
dc.contributor.authorKaracan, İlhan
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-04T07:47:28Z
dc.date.available2025-06-04T07:47:28Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentDiş Hekimliği Fakültesi
dc.description.abstractBackground Although brief skin cooling (BSC) is widely used in sports medicine and rehabilitation for its positive efects on motor performance, the mechanism underlying this motor facilitation efect remains unclear. Objectives To explore the hypothesis that BSC enhances muscle force generation, with cold-induced sympathetic activation leading to heightened muscle spindle sensitivity, thereby contributing to this efect. Methods The study involved two experiments. Experiment 1 included 14 healthy volunteers. Participants submerged their hand in ice water for 3 min. Sympathetic activity was measured via heart rate (HR), muscle force generation was assessed through plantar fexor strength during maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and cortical contribution to force generation via the volitional wave (V-wave) with and without the cold pressor test (CPT). Experiment-2 involved 11 healthy volunteers and focused on muscle spindle sensitivity and Ia synapse efcacy, assessed using soleus T-refex and H-refex recordings before, during, and after CPT. Results Experiment 1 showed signifcant increases in HR (7.8%), MVC force (14.1%), and V-wave amplitude (93.4%) during CPT compared to pre-CPT values (p=0.001, p=0.03, and p=0.001, respectively). In Experiment-2, hand skin temperature signifcantly decreased during CPT and remained lower than pre-CPT after 15 min (p<0.001). While H-refex and background EMG amplitudes remained unchanged, T-refex amplitude (113.7%) increased signifcantly during CPT and returned to pre-CPT values immediately afterward (p<0.001). A strong correlation was also observed between HR and T-refex amplitude (r=0.916, p=0.001). Conclusion BSC enhances muscle spindle sensitivity via the sympathetic nervous system, promoting more signifcant muscle force generation. The method used in this study can be safely applied in clinical practice.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00421-024-05597-x
dc.identifier.endpage453
dc.identifier.issn1439-6319
dc.identifier.issn1439-6327
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.startpage443
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11363/9875
dc.identifier.volume125
dc.identifier.wos001318527500001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.institutionauthorTürker, Kemal Sıtkı
dc.institutionauthoridhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9962-075X
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSPRINGER, ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600 , NEW YORK, NY 10004, UNITED STATES
dc.relation.ispartofEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectCryotherapy
dc.subjectMotor facilitation
dc.subjectStroke
dc.subjectCerebral palsy
dc.subjectStrengthening exercise
dc.subjectMuscle re-education
dc.titleEnhancing motor performance through brief skin cooling: exploring the role of enhanced sympathetic tone and muscle spindle sensitivity
dc.typeArticle

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