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  Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Anatomic Mapping of Maxillofacial Foramina: Development of a Novel Proportional Guide for Facial Aesthetic Procedures

  (B. C. Decker, 2026) Çuğlan, Songül; Gaş, Selin; Bayramova, Nuran; Çolakoğlu, Gizem; Özlü Uçan, Gülfem

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  Objective: Anatomic safety and aesthetic harmony are of critical importance in facial aesthetics and surgical procedures. This study aims to evaluate whether the distance ratios among the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina conform to the golden ratio (φ = 1.618). Methods: In this retrospective study, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 88 patients aged 18 to 33 years (42 males and 46 females) were analyzed. The distances between the supraorbital foramen/notch (SOF), infraorbital foramen (IOF), and mental foramen (MF) (SOF-IOF, IOFMF, and SOF-MF) were measured bilaterally. The conformity of the SOF-MF/SOF-IOF ratio to the golden ratio (1.618) was statistically assessed using (SPSS version 26.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results: In our study, the distance between SOF and IOF was 45.40 ± 2.81 mm on the right side and 45.47 ± 3.11 mm on the left side. In addition, the distance between IOF and MF was 66.01 ± 5.01 mm on the right side and 65.21 ± 5.14 mm on the left side. The SOF-MF/SOF-IOF ratio was 1.522 on the right side and 1.418 on the left side in men; in women, it was 1.400 on the right side and 1.402 on the left side. In addition, the overall average was 1.459 on the right side and 1.440 on the left side. All measurements showed a significant difference compared with the golden ratio (1.618) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study provides morphometric data on distance ratios between the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina, which may serve as a reference for anatomic planning and localization of neurovascular structures in aesthetic and surgical procedures. The findings suggest that these proportional relationships could contribute to safer, more predictable facial interventions; however, larger-scale studies are required to validate these ratios across diverse ethnic groups and populations.

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  A Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of the Deltoid and Trapezius Muscles and Shoulder Range of Motion in Competitive Young Swimmers Across Different Swimming Strokes

  (BioMed Central Ltd, 2026) Ertürk, Çağıl; Çimen, Kubilay; Mutuş, Rıfat; Demirci, Sinan; Açar, Görkem; Kalpak, Ender; Tangil, Kübra Begüm

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  Background Competitive swimming is a sport that places a high level of repetitive load on the shoulder complex and requires intensive use of upper extremity movements. Different swimming strokes may demonstrate distinct differences in shoulder joint biomechanics and muscle activation patterns, which may lead to stroke-specific adaptations in shoulder joint range of motion and the neuromechanical properties of muscles. However, studies examining shoulder joint range of motion together with the biomechanical properties of shoulder girdle muscles assessed by myotonometry according to swimming strokes in young swimmers are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the biomechanical properties of shoulder girdle muscles and shoulder joint range of motion differ according to swimming stroke in competitive youth swimmers. Methods A total of 32 competitive swimmers (14 females, 18 males) were included in this cross-sectional and comparative study. Participants were divided into four groups according to their dominant swimming stroke: freestyle (n=8), breaststroke (n=9), backstroke (n=8), and butterfly (n=7). Shoulder joint range of motion (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation) was assessed bilaterally using a standard goniometric method. The biomechanical properties of shoulder girdle muscles were measured using the MyotonPRO device, and oscillation frequency (muscle tone), dynamic stiffness, logarithmic decrement, relaxation time, and creep parameters were recorded. Differences in shoulder joint range of motion were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. In the evaluation of muscle biomechanical properties, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied while controlling for age, height, body mass, and training experience as covariates. Results No differences were found among swimming strokes in shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation range of motion (p>0.05). In contrast, shoulder adduction range of motion differed significantly according to swimming stroke on both sides (right p=0.003; left p=0.008). Freestyle swimmers demonstrated lower adduction angles, whereas butterfly and backstroke swimmers exhibited higher values. Myotonometric assessment showed no stroke-related differences in oscillation frequency, muscle stiffness, relaxation time, or creep parameters (p>0.05). However, a stroke-related difference was observed in the decrement value of the anterior deltoid muscle (p=0.002), with freestyle swimmers demonstrating lower decrement values compared with some other stroke groups. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that shoulder joint range of motion in competitive youth swimmers is largely independent of swimming stroke, although shoulder adduction range of motion may exhibit stroke-specific differences. In addition, while most neuromechanical properties of shoulder girdle muscles appear to be independent of swimming stroke, the elastic properties of the anterior deltoid muscle may be related to stroke mechanics. These findings provide important information for the evaluation of stroke-specific biomechanical adaptations in swimmers, performance analysis, and the planning of training programs aimed at preventing shoulder injuries. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT07425873, registered on 27/01/2026.

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  Effect of Fixed Prosthetic Restorations on Early Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Free Gingival Graft Surgery

  (Elsevier, 2026) Karakış Akcan, Serap; Terzioğlu, Büşra; Güler Ayyıldız, Berceste

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  Statement of problem. Fixed dental prostheses create a different pericervical environment, yet studies comparing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after free gingival grafting (FGG) between restored and nonrestored teeth remain limited. Purpose. The purpose of this prospective parallel-group clinical study was to compare early postoperative PROMs, pain, and patient satisfaction after FGG in restored and nonrestored teeth. Material and methods. This study included 49 systemically healthy participants undergoing FGG at sites with keratinized tissue width (KTW) <1 mm. The participants were allocated to a restored tooth group (RTG) or a nonrestored tooth group (NTG). Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline (T0) and at 30 days (T30). Graft dimensions were recorded intraoperatively. Postoperative pain, analgesic consumption, and PROMs using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) were assessed at T0, T1, T7, and T30. Results. Baseline OHIP-14 scores (functional limitation and behavioral impact) were significantly higher in the RTG. Generalized estimating equation analysis showed a significant time effect for total OHIP-14 scores (Wald χ²=32.943, P<.001), with no significant group or interaction effects (group, P=.102; interaction, P=.240). Scores peaked at T1, improved by T7, and approached baseline at T30. Postoperative pain (Wald χ²=55.074, P<.001) and analgesic consumption (Wald χ²=45.056, P<.001) also showed significant time effects without group differences. Regression analysis identified mean analgesic consumption as the only predictor of patient satisfaction. Conclusions. FGG produced comparable short-term outcomes in teeth with and without fixed dental prostheses. Although restored teeth showed poorer baseline quality of life, the postoperative experience was mainly influenced by pain intensity rather than prosthetic status. (J Prosthet Dent 2026;136:1121-1132)

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  Effects of Eight Weeks of Unilateral Complex Training on Musculoskeletal Function, Inter-Limb Strength Asymmetry, and Athletic Performance in Competitive Basketball Players

  (MDPI AG, 2026) Akarsu Taşman, Gizem; Güven, Erkan; Acar, Nasuh Evrim; Gök, Bilal; Pancar, Zarife

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  Background: Unilateral complex training has been proposed as an effective strategy to improve lower-limb neuromuscular function; however, its effects on isokinetic strength, inter-limb strength asymmetry, and athletic performance in competitive basketball players remain insufficiently investigated. This study examined the effects of an eight-week unilateral complex training program on lower-limb isokinetic strength, strength asymmetry, hamstring-to-quadriceps (H/Q) ratio, and athletic performance in young male basketball players. Methods: Twenty-nine competitive male basketball players (age: 19.14 ± 0.99 years) competing in the Turkish Basketball Youth League and U18 League were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 14). The experimental group performed unilateral complex training twice weekly for eight weeks in addition to regular basketball practice, whereas the control group continued routine basketball training only. Before and after the intervention, lower-limb isokinetic strength (60◦ ·s −1 ), bilateral strength asymmetry, H/Q ratio, countermovement jump (CMJ), Abalakov jump, 20-m sprint performance, and force-platform-derived jump variables were assessed. Data were analyzed using two-way mixed-design analysis of variance. Results: Significant Group × Time interactions were observed for right and left knee flexor strength and left knee extensor strength (all p < 0.05). Bilateral quadriceps and hamstring strength asymmetries were significantly reduced by approximately 47% and 63%, respectively, accompanied by an improvement in the left H/Q ratio (p < 0.05). The intervention also produced significant improvements in CMJ height, Abalakov jump performance, flight time, time to takeoff, and 20-m sprint performance (all p < 0.05), whereas no significant interaction was found for peak force (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Adding an eight-week unilateral complex training program to regular basketball training was associated with improvements in selected lower-limb isokinetic strength and athletic performance outcomes, reductions in measured inter-limb strength asymmetry indices, and a side-specific improvement in the left H/Q ratio in competitive young male basketball players. However, because the control group did not receive an additional time- and volume-matched training stimulus, these findings should be interpreted as the effects of adding the overall training program rather than as evidence of the specific effects of its unilateral or complex components.

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  From Environmental Awareness to Ecological Behavior: a Bibliometric Mapping of the Literature

  (Frontiers, 2026) Kayhalak, Fikret; Karaküçük, Suat

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  This study maps the intellectual, conceptual, and social structure of the research literature connecting environmental awareness to ecological behavior through a systematic bibliometric analysis. Bibliographic records were retrieved from Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection and Scopus using a comprehensive dual-database search strategy, yielding 934 unique publications after duplicate removal. A database complementarity analysis revealed that 222 records (23.8%) were exclusive to Scopus, with Scopus-only records exhibiting a lower mean citation count (20.3 vs. 40.5) and earlier mean publication year (2017 vs. 2019) compared to WoS records, confirming the necessity of dual-database indexing. All analyses were conducted in R using the bibliometrix package. Findings document a substantial acceleration in annual production, particularly after 2016, with a peak of 132 publications in 2025. Bradford’s Law analysis identified 39 core journals (33.2% of publications), with a zone multiplier of 1:4.4:7.9—deviating from the classical geometrical prediction—consistent with a disciplinarily heterogeneous field. Lotka’s Law analysis revealed that 88.94% of authors contributed only one publication, significantly exceeding the theoretical expectation of 65.47% (residual = +0.2347), signaling an active but structurally fragmented contributory base. Keyword sensitivity analysis confirmed that the thematic structure—anchored on pro-environmental behavior, attitudes, environmental attitudes, environmental concern, and sustainability—remained stable across minimum co-occurrence thresholds of ≥3, ≥5, and ≥7, demonstrating high robustness. Thematic evolution analysis revealed three distinct developmental phases: an early foundation stage (pre-2010) dominated by knowledge and attitude frameworks, a consolidation stage (2011–2020) centered on behavioral mechanisms, and an acceleration stage (2021–2026) integrating sustainability, digital, and cross-cultural dimensions. Together, these findings suggest the field may be growing and theoretically shifting from antecedent-focused to mechanism- and application-oriented inquiry, with citation and keyword patterns appearing consistent with structural consolidation.

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