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  Future of dental education: digitalization, career outlook, and perspectives of dental students and early-career dentists

  (BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Gavgalı, Yasin Batuhan; Kavaz, Tuğçe

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  Background This study aims to assess the opinions of dental students and postgraduate dental practitioners in Turkey regarding the digitalisation of dentistry and the future career outlook of the profession. It focuses on understanding participants’ views on digital competence, the integration of digital technologies into dental education, and their intentions related to practising abroad. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among undergraduate students (4th- and 5th-year) and postgraduate trainees (PhD and specialty students). The survey explored perceptions of digitalisation in dentistry, professional expectations, and factors influencing career decisions. Descriptive statistics were used for data summarisation. Data were collected between September 2023 and June 2024. Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05. Results The required sample size was calculated as 376, and data collection was completed with 378 participants after excluding incomplete or invalid submissions. Participants who were new to the profession or had recently begun postgraduate training reported predominantly theoretical knowledge and hands-on exposure with digital applications in dentistry. Additionally, a significant association was found between responses to two questions examining intentions to practise abroad with or without economic considerations (p=0.001), suggesting that financial factors alone do not fully explain the desire to work internationally. Conclusions Participants perceived a decline in the social prestige of dentistry in recent years, and many expressed hesitations about recommending the profession to close relatives. Although some showed interest in practising abroad, their motivations extended beyond financial concerns, indicating that professional satisfaction, educational conditions, and perceived occupational value also contribute to these intentions.

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  Comparative gastric microbiota profiles in non-ulcer dyspepsia and peptic ulcer patients

  (BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Polat Sarı, Silva; Soylu, Aliye; Peker, Kıvanç Derya; Adaşi Gökhan; Akgül, Özer; Sapmaz, Burcu; Öner, Yaşar Ali; Yüksel Mayda, Pelin; Çalışkan, Reyhan

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  Background Recent evidence suggests that the human stomach hosts a diverse microbiota beyond Helicobacter pylori, and that shifts in microbial composition may influence gastric health. In particular, oral-origin bacteria may dominate the gastric niche in the absence of H. pylori, yet their specific roles in different gastroduodenal disorders remain unclear. This study aimed to profile and compare the gastric microbiota composition in Turkish patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD), in order to better understand microbial profiles potentially associated with gastroduodenal disease. Methods Ninety-eight patients underwent endoscopic evaluation and were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of ulcers. Group 1 (n=52) included individuals with NUD, while Group 2 (n=46) comprised patients with PUD. Gastric biopsy samples from both groups were analyzed for the relative abundance of H. pylori using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and next-generation sequencing was employed for a comprehensive analysis of the gastric microbiota. Results In total, H. pylori DNA was detected in 71.4% (70/98) of the samples, with a significantly higher prevalence in PUD patients (82.6%) compared to NUD patients (61.5%) (p=0.02). Distinct microbial profiles were observed based on H. pylori status. In NUD patients, Alloprevotella showed significantly higher relative abundance in H. pylorinegative samples (p< 0.05). Among PUD patients, the absence of H. pylori was associated with increased levels of Porphyromonas and Neisseria compared to NUD patients without H. pylori (p< 0.05). These genera, typically associated with the oral cavity, appeared to expand opportunistically when H. pylori was absent. Conclusions The absence of H. pylori in gastric disorders was linked to a notable shift in microbiota composition, with increased representation of oral-origin bacteria such as Alloprevotella, Porphyromonas, and Neisseria. These findings, observed in a Turkish patient cohort, may reflect a potentially compensatory or opportunistic microbial shift in H. pylori-negative gastroduodenal disease. As exploratory findings, this study represents the first analysis from Türkiye comparing gastric microbiota profiles in NUD and PUD patients and provides novel regional insight into gastric microbial ecology.

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  Association of GSTM1, GSTT1, and TP53 Genetic Variants with Obesity in Children

  (AVES, 2025) Dirican, Onur; Buluş, Ayşe Derya; Husseini, Abbas Ali; Hanilçe, Yücel; Oğuztütün, Serpil

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  Objective: This study explores whether GSTM1, GSTT1, and TP53 rs1042522 polymorphisms, key regulators of detoxification and oxidative stress responses, influence obesity risk and related metabolic profiles in children. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 60 obese children and 60 healthy controls were analyzed. GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions were assessed via polymerase chain reaction melting curve analysis, and TP53 rs1042522 was genotyped by direct DNA sequencing. Deviations from Hardy–Weinberg expectations and genotype frequencies in controls were evaluated, and the association of genetic variants with obesity, clinical complications, and metabolic parameters was examined. Results: In obese children, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype frequencies deviated from Hardy– Weinberg expectations and differed from controls, whereas TP53 rs1042522 conformed to expected distributions yet was statistically underpowered. The GSTM1 null genotype increased obesity risk 3.28-fold (95% CI: 1.36-7.93, P < .05). The GSTT1 null genotype conferred a 4.76-fold higher risk (95% CI: 2.08-10.88, P < .001). TP53 rs1042522 showed no association (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.44-2.87). The GSTM1 null carriers had elevated cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and gamma-glutamyl transferase, while TP53 Arg/Arg and Pro/Pro carriers exhibited higher LDL and alanine aminotransferase, respectively. No significant links were observed with insulin resistance or hepatic steatosis. Conclusion: The GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are significant genetic risk factors for childhood obesity, likely through reduced detoxification capacity and subsequent oxidative stress–related metabolic disruption. These findings highlight the importance of considering detoxification pathways when assessing genetic predisposition to obesity in children.

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  Persistent neuromuscular deficits in the posterior kinetic chain following hamstring strain injury: EMG insights from nordic hamstring curl, kettlebell swing, and supine sliding leg curl

  (BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Gülgösteren, Erkan; Yüksel, Oğuzhan; Gürol, Barış; Yıldırım, Onur; Atar, Özdemir; Soylu, Çağlar; Altundağ, Emre; Acar, Görkem

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  Background Hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) are among the most common non-contact injuries in football, often resulting in prolonged rehabilitation, high recurrence rates, and persistent neuromuscular deficits. Although rehabilitation focuses on restoring strength and flexibility, alterations in posterior chain muscle activation patterns may remain undetected, potentially contributing to reinjury risk. This study aimed to compare posterior chain muscle activation patterns between football players with a history of hamstring injury and healthy controls during three functional exercises: Nordic Hamstring Curl (NHC), Kettlebell Swing (KS), and Sliding Single-Leg Curl (SSLC). Methods Forty-two male football players (mean age: 23.4±3.1 years; 21 previously injured, 21 healthy controls) participated in the study. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to record activation of the biceps femoris long head (BF), gluteus maximus (GM), latissimus dorsi (LD), and iliocostalis lumborum (IL) during each exercise. Results Mean activation values were Across all exercises, injured players demonstrated significantly lower muscle activation compared with healthy controls. In NHC, BF (−23.9%, p<0.001), GM (−21.3%, p<0.001), LD (−15.4%, p=0.005), and IL (−14.6%, p=0.001) activations were reduced in the injured group. During KS, reductions were observed in BF (−28.7%, p<0.001), GM (−24.3%, p<0.001), LD (−17.3%, p=0.008), and IL (−16.8%, p=0.007). In SSLC, BF (−20.8%, p<0.001), GM (−19.7%, p<0.001), LD (−12.5%, p=0.008), and IL (−15.8%, p=0.004) activations were significantly lower in injured participants. Conclusion The largest differences were found in BF and GM during hip-dominant exercises, with consistent but smaller deficits in LD and IL, indicating a widespread neuromuscular inhibition beyond the hamstring itself. Conclusions: Football players with a history of hamstring injury present persistent deficits in posterior chain muscle activation, particularly in BF and GM, even after return to play. These impairments extend to trunk musculature (LD, IL), suggesting that rehabilitation should incorporate multi-segmental posterior chain retraining, especially in hipdominant tasks, to mitigate reinjury risk. Clinical trial registration : The clinical trial was registered retrospectively on 09 June 2025 under the identifier NCT07171385.

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  Comparison of athletic performance of Turkish ice hockey players with ACE I/D (rs1799752), ACTN3 (rs1815739), PPARA (rs4253778) and HIF1A (rs11549465) polymorphisms

  (R. Wegmann, 2024) Doğan, Canan Sercan; Akkoç, Orkun; Özağır, Meltem; Avcı, Sinan; Biçer Baikoğlu, Selin; Kurudirek, Muhammet İrfan; Ulucan, Korkut

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  Our study is aimed at examining the Ice Hockey National Team players with regard to ACE I/D (rs1799752), ACTN3 (rs1815739), PPARA (rs4253778) and HIF1A (rs11549465) polymorphisms and physical tests. This study was participated by 21 players from ice hockey national team. While ACE I/D (rs1799752) polymorphism was obtained using conventional polymerase chain reaction method (PCR), ACTN3 (rs1815739), PPARA (rs4253778) and HIF1A (rs11549465) polymorphisms were produced by real time polymerase chain reaction method (qPCR). Athletic performance analysis, on the other hand, was based on the assessment of maximal oxygen consumption capacity (VO2max), anaerobic performance, flexibility and strength tests. In our cohort, ACE I/D (rs1799752) polymorphism was determined as 24% genotype II, 33% genotype ID, and 43% genotype DD. ACTN3 (rs1815739) polymorphism was determined as 24% genotype RR, 43% genotype RX, and 33% genotype XX. PPARA (rs4253778) polymorphism was observed as 71% genotype GG, 14.5% genotype GC, 14.5% genotype CC. HIF1A (rs11549465) polymorphism was found to be 67% genotype CC, 33% genotype CT. Concerning physical tests, the evaluation of flexibility test results among genotype groups did not yield significant differences (p=0.365). No significant difference was found among genotype groups with respect to leg strength test results (p=0.691). The evaluation of handgrip strength test results among genotype groups did not reveal significant differences (p=0.679). No significant differences were found among genotype groups when VO2 max test results were examined (p=0.686). A significant relationship was found in the speed test and HIF1A rs11549465 polymorphism evaluation (p = 0.008). No significant results were detected when comparing the speed test with other polymorphisms (p = 0.65). The results of our study support the previous studies which had focused on the potential relation between the relevant gene polymorphisms and athletic performance of ice hockey players. However, doing further studies with larger cohorts is recommended in order to understand the relationship between the relevant polymorphisms and athletic performance of ice hockey players.

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