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  Spontaneous Regression of Herniated Lumbar Disc with New Disc Protrusion in the Adjacent Level

  (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2016) Hakan, Tayfun; Gürcan, Serkan

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  Spontaneous regression of herniated lumbar discs was reported occasionally. The mechanisms proposed for regression of disc herniation are still incomplete. This paper describes and discusses a case of spontaneous regression of herniated lumbar discs with a new disc protrusion in the adjacent level. A 41-year-old man was admitted with radiating pain and numbness in the left lower extremity with a left posterolateral disc extrusion at L5-S1 level. He was admitted to hospital with low back pain due to disc herniation caudally immigrating at L4-5 level three years ago. He refused the surgical intervention that was offered and was treated conservatively at that time. He had no neurological deficit and a history of spontaneous regression of the extruded lumbar disc; so, a conservative therapy, including bed rest, physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and analgesics, was advised. In conclusion, herniated lumbar disc fragments may regress spontaneously. Reports are prone to advise conservative treatment for extruded or sequestrated lumbar disc herniations. However, these patients should be followed up closely; new herniation at adjacent/different level may occur. Furthermore, it is important to know which herniated disk should be removed and which should be treated conservatively, because disc herniation may cause serious complications as muscle weakness and cauda equine syndrome.

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  Readability Transfer Capabilities of Neural Machine Translation Services

  (İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2025) Güngör, Tuğrul

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  Neural Machine Translation (NMT) services demonstrate high semantic accuracy, but their ability to convey the readability of the source text is understudied. This study, therefore, provides a comprehensive evaluation of readability transfer in four leading NMT services: Amazon Translate, Azure Translator, DeepL, and Google Cloud Translation, across the English-German, English-Turkish, and German-Turkish language pairs. For this analysis, translations from various genres were assessed using a combination of language-specific readability formulas and textual metrics. Results revealed a significant directional asymmetry: readability decreased when translating from English to German or Turkish, but increased from German or Turkish to English. Statistically insignificant but consistent differences were found among the four NMT services in readability scores, with target language and source text properties having a greater influence. The findings reveal that readability is not inherently preserved in NMT and is significantly influenced by the characteristics of the target language and the nature of the source text. This highlights the critical importance of considering readability metrics alongside semantic accuracy when evaluating machine translation, especially for applications that require high accessibility or target a specific level of accessibility, suggesting potential requirements for readability-focused post-editing.

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  The Best Change Models for Asian Business and Management

  (Springer Nature, 2024) Yazıcı, Ayşe Meriç

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  Change is an inevitable but difficult aspect of a growing business. Change management models are concepts, theories, methodologies, and strategies that provide an in-depth approach to organizational change. Change management strategies in Asia must take into account the unique cultural, economic, and political factors that exist in the region. Asia is a diverse region with many different cultures, languages, and traditions. It is important to understand these cultural differences in order to develop effective change management strategies. Understanding the basic principles of Asian change management models and frameworks enables organizations to draw on best practices, tactics, and strategies that they can rely on when facilitating change projects. Relying on the foundations of these change models allows organizations to develop more effective, strategic, and contextual change initiatives. There are a variety of established models available today. The challenge is to find the most appropriate change model for the organization. In this study, Lewin’s change management model, the McKinsey 7-S model, ADKAR change management model, the Kubler-Ross change curve, Kotter’s 8-step theory, and Deming Cycle (PDCA) change models are designed to serve as compasses to ensure adoption of new processes and maximize return on investment for business process changes.

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  A Scale Development Study on The Perceived Level of Workplace Generational Conflict

  (ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao, 2024) Özan, Mustafa; Gayretli, Şule; Selçuk Arpınar, Melike; Ali, Ibrahim Naseer Mohamed

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  Objective: Intergenerational conflict can be defined as disagreements in values, beliefs, perspectives and behaviors of different generations. Considering today’s business environment where different generations work together, its importance emerges once again. Methods: Although intergenerational conflict has been discussed from many perspectives in the literature, studies on this type of conflict, especially in the business environment, are limited and even a scale that directly measures this conflict has not been found. Therefore, a scale was developed through a systematic scale development process based on the literature related to this study. Results: The data was collected from 1005 private sector professionals. Consequently, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed and the factor structure of the scale was determined. Conclusions: As a result, the two-dimensional perceived level of workplace generational conflict scale developed and the scaleitems presented in the appendix was obtained. Originality/Value: Intergenerational conflict involves differing values, beliefs, perspectives, and behaviors among generations. In today's multi-generational workplace, its significance is clear. Consequently, a twodimensional scale to measure workplace generational conflict has been developed, with scale items listed in the appendix.

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  Data Fusion of Maintainability Analysis of a Military Aircraft Modernization Project

  (İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Yayınları / Istanbul Gelisim University Press, 2026) Pahsa, Alper

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  For military Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) aircraft undergoing system modernization, this study explores the use of data fusion models, particularly Kalman filtering, to forecast maintainability parameters in modernization of communication systems with different alternatives. sThese parameters are used to compare with legacy communication system values to be compared. Mean Time to Repair (MTTR), the crucial maintainability statistic once mission equipment is modified or replaced, is the subject of the study. Accurate maintainability projection for updated Airborne Early Warning & Control (AEW&C) systems is crucial for operational mission success and sustainability as military operations rely more and more on cutting-edge technology. The approach estimates maintainability characteristics for freshly manufactured equipment without past failure data by utilizing engineering evaluations, manufacturer data, and maintenance records via a Bayesian filtering framework. Data from the Peace Eagle (E-7T) modernization project is used to validate the method by contrasting several options for equipment purchasing. The findings show that data fusion based on Kalman filters yields accurate maintainability predictions that meet system requirements and allow for quantitative comparison of various modernization strategies.

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