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  Examining the relationship between gamification profiles (HEXAD) and mental fatigue in football players: a theoretical and contextual analysis

  (BioMed Central Ltd, 2026) Kara, Mehmet; Cepikkurt, Fatma; Genç, Murat; Gümüş, Huseyin; Koç, Mustafa Can; Wase Mola, Dessalegn; Yalman, Bekir

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  Background Human behavior in performance settings reflects the interplay of cognitive and psychological processes. This study examined the associations between gamification user types and mental fatigue scores in male football (soccer) players and investigated the interactive effects of playing position, competition level, and serious injury experience. Method A total of 331 male football players actively competing in different cities across Turkey participated in this cross-sectional, correlational study. Data were collected via the Mental Fatigue Awareness Scale in Athletes (MFASA) and the Modified Gamification User Types Scale (MGUTS). Analyses included Pearson correlation and two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The MGUTS total score was negatively associated with mental fatigue (r = −.17, p < .01). Mental fatigue scores differed significantly as a function of the playing position × serious injury experience interaction (F(3, 323) = 12.38, p < .001, η² = .103) and the playing position × competition level interaction (F(3, 323) = 20.69, p < .001, η² = .161). The interaction effects were most pronounced particularly in the goalkeeper and defender positions. Conclusion Mental fatigue in football players operates as a multidimensional construct shaped not only by physical loading but by the joint influence of motivational profiles, position-specific cognitive demands, and experiencelevel factors. The findings highlight the importance of differentiating mental fatigue assessment and intervention approaches on the basis of positional role and competition level.

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  The mediating role of quality of life in the relationship between teachers' participation in physical activity and empathic and social self-efficacy

  (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2026) Turhan, Muhammed Özkan; Arslanboğa, Ramazan; Eroğlu, Sultan Yavuz; Koç, Mustafa Can; Carneiro, Lara; Talaghir, Laurentiu-Gabriel; Manolache, Gabriel Marian; Iconomescu, Teodora Mihaela; Cristea, Florentina; Berdila, Anamaria

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  Background: There is no study in the literature examining whether quality of life plays a mediating role in the relationship between teachers’ participation in physical activity and self-efficacy. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of quality of life in the relationship between teachers’ participation in physical activity and their perceived empathic and social self-efficacy. Methods: The participants were between 23 and 40 years old, with a mean age of 29.3 ± 7.79 years. As data collection instruments, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form adapted into Turkish by Öztürk (2005), the Quality of Life of Employees Scale developed by Stamm (2005) and adapted into Turkish by Yeşil, Ergün, Amasyalı, Er, Olgun, and Aker (2010), and the Perceived Empathic and Social Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Di Giunta et al. (2010) and adapted into Turkish by Akın and Başören (2015) were used. Construct validity of the scales was tested using confirmatory factor analysis, and the analyses were conducted via SPSS, AMOS, and the PROCESS Macro plugin. Results: The results revealed moderate positive relationships between job satisfaction and both empathic and social self-efficacy. Conclusion: Mediation findings indicated that quality of life (job satisfaction) played a significant mediating role in the relationship between physical activity and empathic self-efficacy, as well as in the relationship between physical activity and social self-efficacy.

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  Thermal management of pouch-type lithium-ion batteries using aluminum oxide porous media filled with nano-enhanced PCM

  (Nature Publishing Group, 2026) Alromithy, Fares Suliaman; Ali, Ali B. M.; Alkhatib, Omar J.; Singh, Pradeep Kumar; Hussien, Shimaa A.; Ayed, Hamdi; Tursunzoda, Farzona; Dahari, Mahidzal; Mahariq, Ibrahim

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  This study presents a novel battery thermal management approach for large-format pouch-type lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) commonly used in electric vehicles. A composite housing structure consisting of Al2O3 foam filled with a nano-enhanced phase change material (NPCM), a mixture of n-octadecane and copper nanoparticles, was investigated using numerical simulations under different C-rates (0.5C, 1C, 1.5C, and 2C) and foam porosities (0.90, 0.92, 0.94, 0.96, and 0.98). The Al2O3 foam increases the effective surface area and thermal conductivity, while the copper nanoparticles mitigate the low thermal conductivity of pure PCM. Results show that this hybrid system significantly reduces maximum battery temperature, delays temperature rise through latent heat absorption, and improves temperature uniformity. Increasing the C-rate, especially from 1.5 to 2, intensifies heat generation, while lower porosity (ε = 0.9) enhances thermal performance by redistributing heat toward the cell center. The proposed NPCM–Al2O3 foam configuration offers a promising strategy to enhance the safety, efficiency, and longevity of high-capacity LIBs in electric vehicle applications.

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  Comparative Analysis of Kegel Exercise Knowledge, Application, and Recommendation Between Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation and Nursing Students

  (Springer, 2026) Özer, Esra; Durusoy, Ebru; Güneyli, Mahruk; Cengizli, Dilara; Çakmak Tanrıver, Sultan

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  Introduction and Hypothesis Pelvic foor muscle exercises are widely recommended as an evidence-based, noninvasive, and cost-efective approach, particularly for the prevention and management of urinary incontinence. This study was conducted to compare the knowledge levels, application habits and recommendation behaviors of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation and Nursing department students regarding Kegel exercises. Methods This cross-sectional study included 250 undergraduate students (150 from Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 100 from Nursing) at a Turkish university. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire evaluating students’ sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, practice frequency, recommendation behaviors, and perceived efectiveness of Kegel exercises. Group comparisons were analyzed using independent t-tests and chi-square tests, with statistical signifcance set at p<0.05. Results Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation students showed signifcantly higher scores in knowledge (p=0.032), more frequent application (p=0.008), and greater likelihood of recommending Kegel exercises (p=0.001). They also reported higher efectiveness and overall engagement (p<0.001). Conclusions The fndings indicate that Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation students possess higher levels of knowledge, are more likely to apply Kegel exercises themselves, and more frequently recommend them to others compared to Nursing students. This disparity may be attributed to curriculum diferences, particularly the greater emphasis on musculoskeletal and pelvic health training within physiotherapy education. Integrating structured pelvic foor muscle training modules into nursing curricula may enhance students’ competence and confdence, ultimately contributing to improved pelvic health awareness and patient care outcomes.

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  The impact of PTSD symptoms on post-disaster consumption: tertiary victims of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye

  (Frontiers Editorial Office, 2026) Kırçova, İbrahim; Sağlam, Munise Hayrun; Şenlik, Ahmet Can; Akdemir, Doğan Mert; Enginkaya, Ebru

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  Introduction: The February 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes reshaped everyday life well beyond the impact zone; however, how disaster-linked psychological states influence psychosocial wellbeing and everyday behaviors, including consumer responses among tertiary victims (geographically distant yet psychologically affected), remains underexplored. Methods: We employ an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design (QUAN → QUAL): a cross-sectional survey of Istanbul adults (N = 350) is modeled using PLS-SEM, followed by 24 semi-structured interviews and reflexive thematic analysis, integrated via joint displays. Results: Quantitatively, PTSD relates to post-disaster wellbeing and consumption directly and indirectly through death anxiety (DA), intolerance of uncertainty (IUS), and search for meaning (MLQ-S); perceived media pressure (ME) attenuates these translations on average. Qualitatively, participants described securing basics and redundant backups as control-restoration and “emotional insurance” to preserve safety, small indulgences as low-guilt self-care that supports emotional health, media as a double-edged influence (unregulated viewing amplifies anxiety; deliberate curation dampens it), and purposeful, value-aligned purchases as identity repair and resilience-building. Discussion: The findings extend terror-management, control-restoration, and meaning-making accounts to vicarious-trauma contexts and identify media regulation as a key boundary condition. Practically, they support public health risk communication that normalizes selective exposure, ethical preparedness that restores agency and wellbeing without excess, and interventions that channel recovery toward responsible self-care and value-aligned choices.

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