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Evaluation of minimum pinch force while holding in fbromyalgia patients
(SPRINGER LONDON LTD, 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND, 2025) Zincirci, Dilara Ekici; İlbeği, Sultan; Çakır, Esin; Atar, Sevgi; Demirhan, Esma; Aydın, Tuğrul; Türker, Kemal Sıtkı; Karacan, İlhan; Kuru, Ömer
Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the minimum pinch force applied during object carrying and physical fatigue in patients with fbromyalgia. For this purpose, the study evaluated the association between the minimum and maximum pinch forces exerted while carrying a weight and both isokinetic muscle strength and the isokinetic fatigue index. Methods One hundred eight (54 FMS/54 healthy) women participated. Pinch force was measured with a force sensor, and wrist fexor/extensor strength and fatigue index were evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer at 180°/s. Results Minimum pinch force did not difer signifcantly between groups, but maximum pinch force was higher in healthy subjects (p=0.011). Wrist fexor and extensor strength were substantially lower in FMS (p<0.001 for both). Fatigue index was lower in FMS, but diferences were not statistically signifcant (p=0.05, p=0.06). In FMS patients, the minimum pinch force correlated with wrist fexor and extensor fatigue, but no correlation was found in controls. Conclusions Our research shows that the minimum pinch force exerted by women with FMS is not diferent from that exerted by healthy women, but the maximum pinch force is lower. Muscle performance tests measured by isokinetic dynamometry may help assess physical fatigue in FMS patients. Signifcance Although women with FMS can match their healthy peers in minimum pinch force, their lower maximum force may be the main cause of the fatigue they experience during daily activities.
Automatic identification of dental implant brands with deep learning algorithms
(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND, 2025) Yüce, Hasret; Açıkgöz, Gözde; Al-Jumaili, Saif; Uçan, Osman Nuri; Uçan, Gülfem Özlü; Dere, Kadriye Ayça
Objectives: To reduce the problems arising from the inability to identify dental implant brands, this study aims to classify various dental implant brands using deep learning algorithms on panoramic radiographs. Methods: Images of 4 different dental implant systems (NucleOSS, Medentika, Nobel, and Implance) were used from a total of 5375 cropped panoramic radiographs. To enhance image clarity and reduce blurriness, the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization filter was applied. GoogleNet, ResNet-18, VGG16, and ShuffleNet deep learning algorithms were utilized to classify the 4 different dental implant systems. To evaluate the classification performance of the algorithms, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and confusion matrices were generated. Based on these confusion matrices, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F1 score were calculated. The Z-test was used to compare the performance metrics across different algorithms. Results: The accuracy rates of the deep learning algorithms were obtained as 96.00% for GoogleNet, 84.40% for ResNet-18, 98.90% for VGG16, and 84.80% for ShuffleNet. A statistically significant difference was found between the accuracy rate of the VGG16 algorithm and those of GoogleNet, ShuffleNet, and ResNet-18 (P < .001, P < .001, and P < .001, respectively). Conclusions: With the achievement of high accuracy rates, deep learning algorithms are considered a valuable and powerful method for identifying dental implant brands.
Assessment of fit accuracy and retentive strength of additively manufactured zirconia crowns luted to Ti-base abutments with different resin cements: An in vitro study
(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2025) Sasany, Rafat; Uçar, Sultan Merve; Yılmaz, Burak
Purpose: This study investigated the influence of cement gap size on the marginal and internal fit, and cement gap size and type on retention of additively manufactured zirconia (AM-Z) crowns on titanium bases (Ti-base). Materials and Methods: A total of 135 zirconia crowns were designed with three different cement gap sizes: 20 µm, 30 µm, and 40 µm (n = 45 per group). The crowns were additively manufactured using a lithography-based ceramic 3D printer (Cerafab, Lithoz GmbH, Austria) and a zirconia slurry (LithaCon 3Y 210, Lithoz GmbH, Austria). All crowns, Ti-base (RC Variobase, Straumann, Switzerland), and crown–Ti-base assemblies were scanned, and the marginal and internal gaps were measured using specialized software, following the triple scan protocol. Specimens were further divided into three subgroups based on the resin luting agent used for bonding the crowns to the Ti-bases (n = 15 per subgroup): Group PV21 used Panavia 21 (P21) (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Japan), Group PV5 used Panavia V5 (PV5) (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Japan), and Group MHA used Multilink Hybrid Abutment (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein). After cementation, specimens were subjected to thermocycling between 5◦C and 55◦C. Pull-out forces between the additively manufactured zirconia (AM-Z) crowns and Ti-bases were measured using a universal testing machine. Variance analysis was conducted on root mean square (RMS) values for internal and marginal gaps, as well as pull-out forces (α = 0.05). Results: The one-way analysis of variance test revealed a statistically significant difference in marginal discrepancy values (p < 0.001). A post-hoc Tukey analysis indicated that the marginal (25.9 µm) and internal discrepancy (24.6 µm) values associated with the 30 µm cement gap size were higher than those obtained with other cement gap sizes (p < 0.01). No significant differences were found between the 20 µm and 40 µm cement gap sizes (p = 0.113). The 30 µm cement gap group demonstrated lower discrepancies. Both cement gap size and cement brand significantly influenced the marginal and internal fit, as well as the pull-out resistance of the crowns. The impact of the cement brand, the cement gap size, and their interaction significantly affected the retention between the Ti-bases and crowns (p < 0.01). The use of P21 with a 30 µm gap resulted in significantly higher pull-out values than P21 with a 20 µm gap (p = 0.008) and P21 with a 40 µm gap (p = 0.004). Retention with a 40 µm cement gap was not significantly different from that with a 20 µm cement gap, regardless of the cement brand (p = 0.089). PV5 presented the lowest pull-out values across all cement gap sizes (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Cement gap size significantly affected the fit, and cement gap size and type significantly impacted the retention between AM-Z crowns and Ti-bases. Cement space of 30 µm and PV21 resin luting agent led to improved adaptation and high bonding strength.
Prevalence and associated factors of pathologic root resorption in primary molars and canines: a retrospective cross-sectional study
(QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC, 4350 CHANDLER DRIVE, HANOVER PARK, IL 60133, 2025) Kalaoğlu, Elif Ece; Öztürkmen, Zeynep
Objectives: Pathologic root resorption in primary teeth affects dental health and future orthodontic needs. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of pathologic root resorption in a pediatric population. Method and materials: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was performed using panoramic radiographs from 691 pediatric patients aged 4 to 11 years at a university hospital in Türkiye. Teeth were evaluated for internal (IRR) and external pathologic root resorption (ERR) by two calibrated observers, adhering to the 2023 European Society of Endodontics Position Statement. Tooth status was categorized as healthy, carious (with or without pulp involvement), filled, or endodontically treated, and dental crowding was also recorded. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, multiple logistic regression, and post-hoc analyses, with significance set at P < .05. Results: A total of 7,729 primary teeth (5,075 molars and 2,654 canines) were evaluated, with interobserver reliability of 82% and intraobserver reliability of 98.8%. The study cohort included 691 children (mean age 7.05 ± 1.45 years; 49.8% boys, 50.2% girls). Pathologic root resorption was observed in 21.2% of cases (n = 1,638), with ERR accounting for 81% and IRR for 19%. Among 2,654 healthy teeth, 3.76% exhibited pathologic resorption, with no significant association with dental crowding. Significant relationships were identified between pathologic root resorption and age (P = .000), tooth status (P = .049), and sex (P = .042). Conclusion: Reducing high caries levels in Türkiye is critical to lowering pathologic root resorption and associated complications. Further studies should explore dental crowding and pathologic root resorption relationships in larger samples.
An Investigation on Structure, AC Conductivity, and Dielectric Characteristics of Ni0.6Cu0.2Zn0.2Pd3xFe2-2xO4 (x ≤ 0.1) Nanospinel Ferrites
(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY, 2025) Almessiere, M. A.; Baykal, A.; Shirsath, Sagar E.; Trukhanov, A. V.; Demir Korkmaz, A.; Mihmanlı, Ahmet
Partially palladium (Pd) substituted Ni0.6Cu0.2Zn0.2Pd3xFe2-2xO4 (x ≤ 0.1) nano-spinel ferrites (NCZPdx (x ≤ 0.1) NSFs) have been manufactured via sol–gel combustion route. The phase of all samples has been endorsed by XRD diffraction analysis. Their crystallite size (DXRD) were estimated within 36–72 nm range. Morphology and the chemical composition have been confirmed by EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray) and SEM-TEM (Scanning-Transmission Emission Microscopy) respectively. Complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) was utilized to explore the dielectric characteristics within 20 to 120 ºC temperature and from 1 to 106 Hz frequency ranges. The two-dimentional frequency and temperature dependencies of the real and imaginary components of permittivity (𝝐/ and 𝝐//), the dielectric loss tangent (tan(𝜹)), the real and imaginary parts of dielectric modulus (M/ real and M//), 𝝈 ac-conductivity (s), the real and imaginary components of impedance (Z/ and Z//), along with the experimental Nyquist diagrams Z//(Z/ ), were constructed and illustrated for all samples. The main feature of the frequencybehavior of the tan(𝜹) dielectric loss tangent is the presence of pronounced maxima depending on both frequency and temperature. The maximum value of the tan(𝜹) observed for the significantly doped x = 0.06-0.10 samples. The Pd substitution changes the electron relaxation and microwave absorption resonance.
Brief skin cooling modulates the refexes generated by whole‑body vibration
(SPRINGER, ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600 , NEW YORK, NY 10004, UNITED STATES, 2025) Kalaoğlu, Eser; Alayoğlu, Orhun; Sezikli, Selim; Atasoy, Mücahit; Türker, Kemal Sıtkı; Karacan, İlhan
Background Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a popular exercise method known for its neuromuscular benefts, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. WBV activates distinct refexes based on vibration amplitude and voluntary muscle activity: low-amplitude vibration or voluntary contraction typically triggers the tonic vibration refex (TVR), whereas highamplitude vibration or quiet standing activates the bone myoregulation refex (BMR). Muscle spindles, which are sensitive to sympathetic input, may exhibit increased responsiveness to vibration during brief skin cooling. Objectives This study investigated the refex mechanisms activated by WBV during quiet standing and their modulation by skin cooling. Methods Thirty healthy young adults participated. The latency of the soleus TVR, induced by Achilles tendon vibration, and the latency of the soleus BMR, induced by WBV, were measured. These assessments were repeated during the cold pressor test (CPT), involving left-hand immersion in cold water. Results The soleus TVR latency was 36.2 ±5.1 ms, while the soleus BMR latency was 40.4 ±5.0 ms. During CPT, Achilles tendon vibration latency remained unchanged (36.2 ±5.7 ms, p= 0.319). However, the WBV-induced refex latency with CPT (36.0 ±6.1 ms, p< 0.0001) was signifcantly shorter than the soleus BMR latency and aligned with the TVR latency (p= 0.711). Conclusion WBV activates BMR in a quiet standing position, but with skin cooling, the TVR predominates, likely due to heightened spindle sensitivity. These fndings ofer valuable insights into developing targeted WBV programs.
Gender diversity in endodontics: Women's representation at recent biennial meetings
(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2025) Karadayı, Ayşe; Baştürk, Fatıma Betül
Aim: Leadership opportunities within professional fields often include invitations to speak at major organizational meetings. However, the representation of speakers from underrepresented groups at annual scientific meetings of endodontic organizations has yet to be documented. This observational study aimed to evaluate the percentage of women invited to speak at selected endodontic organization meetings. Methodology: The number of male and female keynote or invited speakers at the European Society of Endodontology (ESE), Asian Pacific Endodontic Confederation (APEC), and International Federation of Endodontic Associations (IFEA) conferences from 2013 to 2023 were recorded. A chi-square test was conducted to assess differences in the percentage of women speakers over time and among the three organizations. Results: A total of 714 keynote and invited speakers from the scientific meetings of the three endodontic organizations between 2013 and 2023 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 601 (84.17%) were men, and 113 (15.83%) were women, reflecting a significant gender disparity (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed between the organizations, nor was there a significant change in the number of women speakers over time.Conclusions: Regardless of the organization or the timeframe, the number of women speakers at scientific meetings remains consistently lower than that of men, with no significant change observed over the past decade.
Comparative evaluation of the performance of orthodontic retainers using different surface protocols: an in vitro study
(SPRINGER LONDON LTD, 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND, 2025) Kurnaz, Merve; Arslan Nazan, Ali; Eraydın, Feyza
This study aims to assess the in vitro durability of Nitinol retainers, manufactured using computer-aided methods with hydrophilic or superhydrophilic surfaces to reduce debonding, alongside a commonly used composite adhesive. The 112 lower incisor teeth were embedded in blocks in pairs. Retainer wires were made up of 0.018×0.018 inch Nickel Titanium alloy(G4™ Nickel Titanium G&H Orthodontics, USA) by bending a robot arm. A total of 16 teeth(8 blocks) were used for each of the mentioned 7 groups Ni-Ti Retainer; Laser Textured Ni-Ti Retainer; Laser Texturing and Atmospheric Plasma Applicated Ni-Ti Retainer; Atmospheric Plasma Applicated Ni-Ti Retainer; Laser Texturing and Atmospheric Plasma Applicated Ni-Ti Retainer*2; Laser Texturing and Atmospheric Plasma Applicated Ni-Ti Retainer*3; SS-0.0018“(Morelli, Brazil). Transbond LR(3 M Unitek, California) was used. The shear bond strength tests were conducted. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was employed, pairwise comparisons followed by Dunn’s test with Bonferroni correction as a post hoc analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for maximum force and maximum stress(p>0.05). However, a significant difference was found in maximum elongation (p:0.0023). Pairwise comparisons highlighted significantly higher elongation values in the SS-0.0018” group. The stainless-steel wire demonstrated higher elongation values, which may offer clinical advantages in cases with higher occlusal forces and periodontal problems due to its material flexibility. Laser Texturing and Atmospheric Plasma Applied Ni-Ti Retainers exhibited higher test performance. Surface treatments applied to CAD/CAM retainers can provide an advantage by enhancing bond strength, potentially reducing the risk of debonding. These findings underline the importance of material selection and surface treatments in optimizing fixed retention strategies for long-term clinical success.
Effect of occlusal reduction on post-operative pain of symptomatic and asymptomatic molar teeth
(Medical Journal Sweden AB, Kungsängsvägen 27St , Uppsala SE-753 23, SWEDEN, 2025) Kamacı Esen, Ayşenur; Furuncuoğlu, Fatma; Baştürk, Fatima Betül; Taşcıoğlu, Muhammet Nuri; Parirokh, Masoud
Objective: This study aimed to compare the intensity of post-operative pain after single-visit root canal treatment of symptomatic or asymptomatic teeth following occlusal reduction. Methods: A total of 140 symptomatic or asymptomatic patients in need of root canal therapy were registered in this prospective, single-centre, single-blind, randomised clinical trial. For all patients, root canal treatment was carried out in a single visit, and the teeth were restored using composite resin. The patients were randomly allocated into four treatment groups, two of which included occlusal reduction while two treatments left the occlusional contacts intact. Patients’ pain were assessed using a 0–3 verbal rate scale 1, 3, and 7 days following root canal treatment. The pain incidence and intensity were compared using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Overall, the post-operative pain intensity was low. Symptomatic individuals had significantly more discomfort at day 1 post-operatively compared to asymptomatic patients (p < 0.008). The pain incidence significantly decreased over time for symptomatic patients. When compared to asymptomatic patients without occlusal reduction, symptomatic patients with occlusal reduction had a greater pain incidence at day 3 (p < 0.011). For other time intervals, no significant differences in post-operative pain incidence or intensity were found. Conclusion: Single-visit root canal treatments involving occlusal reduction in both symptomatic or asymptomatic molars had no significant effect on post-operative pain.
The corrosion resistance effect of nanocomposites containing AuNPs coated onto titanium surfaces
(Yildiz Technical University, 2025) Yeni̇yol, Sinem; Mutlu, İlven; Di̇zman, H. Miraç; Arsu, Nergis
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the corrosion of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and polymeric AuNPs nanocomposite thin film coatings on cpTi in vitro in artificial saliva by using different electrochemical tests and surface analysis techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), open circuit potential (OCP) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were associated with FESEM for surface characterization. OCP tests revealed higher potential values for AuNPs-Coated surfaces. Increase of the corrosion resistance for AuNPs-Coated surface was presented by EIS in artificial saliva. Average size of 20 - 30 nm AuNPs in spherical morphology forming agglomerations were observed on AuNPs-Coated surfaces. Compared to cpTi surfaces, a lower release tendency of Ti ions from the AuNPs-Coated Ti surfaces after immersion into artificial saliva was confirmed by ICPMS. Results suggest that AuNPs-Coated Ti surfaces exhibit an enhanced corrosion resistance.
Cation distribution and Electrical/Dielectric features of Ru substituted CoNiCuZn spinel ferrite nanoparticles
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Almessiere, Munirah A.; Shirsath, S. E.; Baykal, A.; Mihmanlı, Ahmet; Gondal, M. A.; Slimani, Yassine
In this study, Co0.25Ni0.25Cu0.25Zn0.25RuxFe2-xO4 (Rux→Co0.25Ni0.25Cu0.25Zn0.25Fe2-xO4) (x ≤ 0.1) nanospinel ferrite (NSFs) were manufactured via sol-gel combustion route, with varying Ru content x ≤ 0.1. The cubic spinel structure was confirmed for all products by XRD analysis. The cubic morphology of the products was confirmed via SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), HR-TEM (High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) analyses. The chemical composition of the product has been confirmed by EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray) analysis. The cation distribution was analyzed using the Bertaut method by comparing observed and calculated intensity ratios of selected X-ray diffraction reflections. The ionic radii of tetrahedral (Td) A-site and octahedral (Oh) B-site cations, theoretical lattice constants, and oxygen positional parameters were determined. Results indicate that Ru substitution leads to a slight expansion in the B-site ionic radius and a subtle increase in the lattice constant, while the A-site configuration remains unaffected. The oxygen positional parameter showed minimal change, indicating structural stability. Additionally, dielectric properties were examined, revealing that the dielectric constant increases with Ru content and T, following MaxwellWagner interfacial polarization. AC conductivity analysis indicated thermally activated hopping mechanisms with enhanced polaron hopping due to Ru substitution. Dielectric measurements showed that the dielectric constant increased with Ru content, reaching a maximum of 150,000 at low frequencies for x = 0.10. AC conductivity analysis demonstrated thermally activated hopping mechanisms, with conductivity values increasing from 0.3 S/m for x = 0.00–1.2 S/m for x = 0.10 at 120 ◦C. This study presents insights into the structural and electrical features of Rux→Co0.25Ni0.25Cu0.25Zn0.25Fe2-xO4 (x ≤ 0.1) NSFs, which could be valuable for magnetooptical applications.
Tunned the structure and magnetic characteristics of noble metal (Pd)-doped Ba-Sr nanohexaferrites
(Elsevier B. V., 2025) Algarou, N. A.; Aldakheel, R. K.; Almessiere, M. A.; Baykal, Abdülhadi; Güngüneş, H.; Çalışkan, S.; Mihmanlı, Ahmet
In this study, various ratios of Pd-doped Ba-Sr nanohexaferrites (NHFs) were studied. All samples were produced via sol–gel combustion and were designated as Ba0.5Sr0.5Pd3xFe12-2xO19 (x ≤ 0.1) NHFs. Detailed examinations of the magnetic and structural features were conducted. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of a M-type HF phase, along with a small phase of iron oxide (Fe2O3) for some doping ratios. Both the SEM and TEM (Scanning and Transmission electron microscope respectively) revealed the formation of the hexagonal platelet morphology. The hyperfine parameters were determined by using Mossbauer ¨ spectroscopy. Pd2+ ions substituted Fe3+ ions at 12k site. The crystal symmetry not influenced by substitution. Fe3+ charge state was detected all samples. Magnetic properties are investigated through hysteresis loop analysis at room temperature (RT) and 10 K. Ms (saturation magnetization), Mr (remanence), Hc (coercivity), SQR (squareness ratio), and nB (experimental magnetic moment), were evaluated as a function of Pd doping. The pristine sample exhibited hard ferrimagnetic behavior with high Hc and Mr, while Pd-doped samples demonstrated reduced magnetic properties. Particularly, intermediate Pd concentrations (x = 0.04 and 0.06) resulted in slight increases in Ms. SQR values signify multidomain and single-domain nature for Pd-doped and undoped samples, respectively. XPS’ (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) broad spectrum of energies verified the presence of Ba, Sr, Pd, Fe, and O in the product.
Comprehensive Analysis of Brewed Tea: Boron Content, Total Antioxidant and Oxidant Capacity, Oxidative Stress, and pH value
(Springer, 2025) Cihan, Aslıhan; Özel Korlu, Armağan Begüm; Alev Tüzüner, Burçin; Yarat, Ayşen
Tea is widely recognized as the most consumed beverage in the world after water. In recent years, the connection between tea and health has gained growing attention as a signifcant research topic. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between tea and health by analyzing the boron content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), oxidative stress index (OSI), and pH levels of teas commonly consumed in Türkiye. A total of 42 samples were created from various tea brands and diferent tea types that are widely consumed in Türkiye. The determination of boron in pulverized and brewed tea samples was carried out using the carminic acid method. Additionally, boron transfer was determined in brewed teas. Brewed tea samples were also examined in terms of pH, TAC, TOC, and OSI. It was determined that all teas contained an average of 11.73 mg/L boron, the amount of boron in domestic teas was lower than in imported teas. It was determined that boron transfer into brewed tea was approximately 30%. The pH values ranged between 4–5. No diferences were detected in terms of TAC, TOC, and OSI. Our research shows that tea consumption is safe in terms of boron levels and helps meet daily needs. The OSI of teas is less than 1, so their antioxidant efects can be considered quite good. However, it should be noted that excessive tea consumption can lead to the demineralization of tooth enamel due to low pH levels.
The effects of lipoic acid on rat submandibular salivary gland in valproic acid induced oxidative stress
(National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, 2025) Alev Tüzüner, Burçin; Türkyılmaz Mutlu, İsmet Burcu; İpekçi, Hazal; Üstündağ, Ünsal Veli; Tunalı Akbay, Tuğba; Emekli Alturfan, Ebru; Akyüz, Serap; Yanardağ, Refiye; Yarat, Ayşen; Ahmad, Sarfraz
Valproic acid (VA), an anticonvulsant drug, has been associated with various toxic effects, primarily through the induction of oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective role of alpha lipoic acid (LA), a potent antioxidant, against VA-induced oxidative damage in rat submandibular salivary glands. Control, LA, VA, and VA+LA are groups. LA was given 1 h prior to VA administration. After 16 days VA injection, the rats were decapitated, and submandibular salivary glands were taken, homogenized, and examined by biochemical analyses. Biochemical analyses showed that submandibular salivary gland glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-Stransferase (GST) activities decreased; malondialdehyde (MDA), sialic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, tissue factor activity increased significantly in the VA group compared to the control group. No significant changes were found in catalase and myeloperoxidase activities. In the VA group, LA administration caused significant increases in GSH and NO levels; decreases in MDA, SA levels and SOD, GST activities. These findings suggest that LA may offer a protective effect against VA-induced oxidative damage in the salivary glands, potentially through its antioxidant properties. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of LA in mitigating oxidative stress and tissue damage induced by VA.
Comprehensive investigation on microstructure, electrical/dielectric and magnetic features of novel equimolar Co3-4x(MnxFexNixCrx)O4 (x = 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) nanoparticles
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Almessiere, M. A.; Baykal, A.; Slimani, Y.; Shirsath, Sagar E.; Gondal, M. A.; Ali, A.; Mihmanlı, Ahmet
The main goal of this study is to understand the influence of Mn, Ni, Fe and Cr multi substitution on structural, dielectric, and magnetic properties of Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs), which have been synthesized via sol-gel synthesis. The results revealed the successfully synthesized multi-substitution spinel oxides through X-ray powder patterns. DXRD are between 14 and 31 nm. AC conductivity exhibited strong temperature (T) and frequency (f) dependence, reflecting mechanisms dominated by interfacial polarization and polaronic conduction. The dielectric constant demonstrated a Maxwell-Wagner type response, influenced by grain boundary polarization and localized charge carriers. Magnetic measurements revealed the coexistence of ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic) and antiferromagnetic (or paramagnetic) contributions, with an enhancement in ferromagnetic behaviour attributed to the non-compensated spins, finite size effects, and higher magnetic moments of dopant ions. The coercivity, magnetization, and remanent magnetization were found to increase with the rise in the concentration of Fe, Mn, Ni, and Cr doping ions.
Optical properties of repaired additively manufactured resin composites and zirconia and subtractively manufactured ceramics: a comparative study of composite resins
(BMC, CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, 2025) Çağlayan, Esma; Sasany, Rafat; Bolat, Burcu Naz; Hartavi, Didar; Batgerel, Oyun Erdene; Uçar, Sultan Merve; Umurca, Dilara Gülhan
Objective This study aims to examine color properties of repairs made with various composites on restorations produced through additive-manufactured resin composites (AM-RC) and zirconia (AM-Z) or subtractive manufacturing (SM) after coffee thermocycling (CTC). Materials and methods Disk-shaped specimens (Ø10×2 mm; N=120) were fabricated using six different material groups: additively manufactured resin composite (AM-RC) materials (Crowntec [C], NextDent [ND]), additively manufactured zirconia (AM-Z) materials (Lithoz [LI], INNI-Cera [IN]), and subtractively manufactured (SM) materials (CEREC Tessera [ALD], Vita Enamic [EN]). Subsequently, each group was further subdivided into two subgroups (n=10) based on the type of repair using two different composites resins: Clearfil Majesty Posterior (CL) (n=60) and Filtek Z350 (FZ) (n=60). Specimens underwent thermal cycling (CTC), consisting of 10,000 cycles between 5 °C and 55 °C. Color measurements were performed both before and after thermal cycling for all materials. Color discrepancies (ΔE00) and relative translucency parameters (RTPs) were calculated. Statistical analyses were conducted at a significance level of α=0.05. Results A one-way ANOVA of ΔE00 values between CL and FZ revealed a significant difference (P=0.007), with FZ exhibiting higher ΔE00 values. Significant differences in ΔE00 values were also observed among IN, C, and ND after CTC (P<0.05). ALD demonstrated the lowest amount color change (P<0.05). LI and EN colors showed no significant difference (P=0.75). Following CTC, C, ND, and IN colors matched CL. In contrast, ALD, EN, and L colors exhibited significant differences (P≤0.050). FZ showed a poor color match with all AM and SM materials. Furthermore, significant differences in RTP values were identified for all specimens (P<0.001), with LI having the highest RTP and IN the lowest (P<0.001). Conclusion The optical properties of composite and ceramic materials, as well as their stability over time, are crucial for their durability. ALD demonstrated the most consistent color stability. While the CL repair composites experienced some color changes, these changes remained within acceptable limits. Additionally, the LI (AM-Z) material exhibited the highest level of translucency.
Effect of polydopamine surface treatment on the mechanical properties of zirconia and resin occlusal veneers fabricated using additive and subtractive manufacturing: An in vitro study
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, ENGLAND, 2025) Sasany, Rafat; Uçar, Sultan Merve; Mosaddad, Seyed Ali; Alonso, Veronica Rodriguez
Objectives: To evaluate the influence of polydopamine (PDA) treatment on bond strength, fracture, and wear resistance of occlusal veneers (OVs) fabricated using additive (AM) and subtractive manufacturing (SM) techniques. Methods: Three hundred twenty 0.5 mm-thick OVs were fabricated through AM and SM and from four groups of materials (n = 80): AM ceramic-filled resin (AM-C), AM zirconia (AM-Z), SM nano-ceramic resin (SM-C), and SM zirconia (SM-Z). Each group was further divided into PDA-treated and untreated subgroups (n = 40). Specimens were cemented onto resin dies using self-curing resin cement (Multilink N; Ivoclar Vivadent) and subjected to five million chewing cycles with thermal cycling. Fracture and wear resistance were assessed using a load-tofailure test and 3D surface analysis, respectively (n = 20). Additionally, bond strength was evaluated using a pull-out test (n = 20). Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA to assess the main and interaction effects of material, manufacturing technique, and PDA treatment (α=0.05). Results: Significant main effects of manufacturing technique, material type, and PDA treatment were found for all outcomes (p<.001), along with significant manufacturing × PDA interactions. PDA notably improved fracture resistance and bond strength in AM-Z and AM-C (p<.05), but had minimal effect on SM groups. Wear was significantly reduced in AM groups following PDA (p<.001), while SM-C showed a slight increase (p=.021). Among all groups, untreated AM-C demonstrated the weakest overall mechanical performance. Conclusions: PDA treatment enhanced fracture and bond strength in AM materials, with limited effect on SM ceramics. Milled zirconia showed the best overall performance, while untreated AM-C consistently performed the worst. Clinical Relevance: Polydopamine surface treatment enhances the mechanical performance of occlusal veneers fabricated by additive manufacturing, particularly improving bond strength and fracture resistance. This approach may increase the clinical reliability of 3D-printed restorations, especially in thin, conservative designs.
Assessing the protective effects of chard on valproic acid-induced pancreatic complications
(NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR, DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA, 2024) Alev Tüzüner, Burçin; Ak, Esin; Tunalı, Sevim; İpekci, Hazal; Üstundağ, Ünsal Veli; Tunalı Akbay, Tuğba; Emekli Alturfan, Ebru; Çetinel, Şule; Yanardağ, Refiye; Yarat, Ayşen; Ahmad, Sarfraz
Valproic acid (VPA) treatment is known to potentially cause adverse effects, notably as the most common cause of druginduced acute pancreatitis. It is crucial to balance the therapeutic benefits and potential major side effects of VPA administration. Complications associated with VPA may arise from toxic VPA metabolites and alterations in antioxidant levels. While chard is well-known for its anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant properties, there is a lack of research on its impact on the pancreas during VPA treatment. This study aimed to explore the possible protective effects of chard against VPA-induced complications in the pancreas using histological and biochemical approaches. Animals were separated into four groups: i) Control, ii) received chard (100 mg/kg), iii) received VPA (500 mg/kg), and iv) received VPA+Chard (in the same dosages and time). On the eighth day, the rats’ pancreatic tissue and blood specimens were collected. In the Chard and VPA+Chard groups, chard decreased blood glucose levels compared to the control and VPA groups. In comparison to the VPA group, the VPA+Chard group pancreatic glutathione level and catalase activity increased whereas malondialdehyde levels decreased. Furthermore, administration of chard to the control and VPA groups increased tissue factor activity and sialic acid level as compared to the VPA group. The histological findings confirmed the biochemical results. It is therefore concluded that chard has the potential to protect pancreatic tissue from VPA-induced complications by reducing lipid peroxidation and blood glucose while enhancing antioxidants and sialic acid levels.
Enhancing motor performance through brief skin cooling: exploring the role of enhanced sympathetic tone and muscle spindle sensitivity
(SPRINGER, ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600 , NEW YORK, NY 10004, UNITED STATES, 2025) Çetin, Mert; Kökçe, Mustafa; Karaoğlu, Ayşe; Kalaoğlu, Eser; Kibar, Halime; Sezikli, Selim; Özkan, Mehmet; Türker, Kemal Sıtkı; Karacan, İlhan
Background Although brief skin cooling (BSC) is widely used in sports medicine and rehabilitation for its positive efects on motor performance, the mechanism underlying this motor facilitation efect remains unclear. Objectives To explore the hypothesis that BSC enhances muscle force generation, with cold-induced sympathetic activation leading to heightened muscle spindle sensitivity, thereby contributing to this efect. Methods The study involved two experiments. Experiment 1 included 14 healthy volunteers. Participants submerged their hand in ice water for 3 min. Sympathetic activity was measured via heart rate (HR), muscle force generation was assessed through plantar fexor strength during maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and cortical contribution to force generation via the volitional wave (V-wave) with and without the cold pressor test (CPT). Experiment-2 involved 11 healthy volunteers and focused on muscle spindle sensitivity and Ia synapse efcacy, assessed using soleus T-refex and H-refex recordings before, during, and after CPT. Results Experiment 1 showed signifcant increases in HR (7.8%), MVC force (14.1%), and V-wave amplitude (93.4%) during CPT compared to pre-CPT values (p=0.001, p=0.03, and p=0.001, respectively). In Experiment-2, hand skin temperature signifcantly decreased during CPT and remained lower than pre-CPT after 15 min (p<0.001). While H-refex and background EMG amplitudes remained unchanged, T-refex amplitude (113.7%) increased signifcantly during CPT and returned to pre-CPT values immediately afterward (p<0.001). A strong correlation was also observed between HR and T-refex amplitude (r=0.916, p=0.001). Conclusion BSC enhances muscle spindle sensitivity via the sympathetic nervous system, promoting more signifcant muscle force generation. The method used in this study can be safely applied in clinical practice.
Moringa oleifera hydroalcoholic leaf extracts mitigate valproate-induced oxidative status in the extraorbital lacrimal gland in a rat model
(ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND, 2024) Alev Tüzüner, Burçin; Oktay, Sehkar; Çergel, Eda; Elik, Gülsüm; Magaji, Umar Faruk; Saçan, Özlem; Yanardağ, Refiye; Yarat, Ayşen
Dysfunction of the extraorbital lacrimal gland (ELG) can lead to loss of vision due to damage to the epithelium of cornea. The broad-spectrum anti-epileptic drug sodium valproate (SV) has numerous side effects. Moringa oleifera (M.oleifera) is widely used as a food and in folk medicine. The effects of orally administered SV and M. oleifera hydroalcoholic leaf extract on rat ELG were investigated in this study by analysing both antioxidant and oxidant parameters. Additionally, boron level and tissue factor (TF) activity were determined. Protein changes were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Significantly lower values of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were observed in the SV group compared to the control group. Treatment with Moringa extract significantly increased SOD, CAT and TAS values in the Moringa given SV group (SVM). While no significant differences were observed between the sialic acid values of the groups, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) and total oxidant status (TOS) values were significantly elevated in the SV group compared to the control group. Due to the effect of Moringa extract, LPO, NO and TOS levels were significantly decreased in the SVM group compared to the SV group. TF activity was not meaningfully altered between groups. Compared to control rats, oxidative stress index (OSI) level significantly increased, whereas the boron level decreased in the SV group. Moringa extract treatment noticeably reduced OSI in the SVM group. According to SDS-PAGE, decreases in the density of protein bands with molecular weights of 51, 83, and 90 kDa were observed in SV given rats compared to the other groups. These decreases were reversed by the administration of Moringa extract. Moringa extract has shown protective properties arising from antioxidant potential, especially with its very low OSI value. Individuals undergoing SV treatment and having ELG complications might consider using Moringa extract to mitigate valproate induced damage.

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