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Single motor unit estimation of the cutaneous silent period in ALS
(ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE 00000, IRELAND, 2024) Topkara, Betilay; Özyurt, M. Görkem; İşak, Barış; Çeçen, Serpil; Türker, Kemal Sıtkı
Objective: Recent evidence indicated that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) also impairs spinal circuits, including those mediating cutaneous silent period (CSP). However, most studies utilised surface electromyography (sEMG), which needs more resolution to pinpoint changes at the single motoneuron level. We aimed to investigate CSP properties using single motor unit discharges in ALS. Methods: In mild and severe ALS patients and controls, CSP was recorded in the first dorsal interosseus and analysed using the discharge rate method, which accurately shows the inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) profile. Results: Our findings confirmed that the CSP latency was prolonged only in severe ALS patients. Moreover, the CSP duration was similar in each group, but late-stage ALS patients tend to have a longer CSP duration. The discharge rate method revealed a significantly longer duration (up to 150 ms) than the duration detected using sEMG. Strikingly, the motoneuron discharge rate – IPSP duration inverse relationship is lost in ALS patients, indicating a possible impairment in the motoneuron integrative properties. Conclusions: Our data support previous findings of prolonged latency, presented input–output modifications of motoneurons, and revealed the entire course of the CSP, representing a much stronger inhibitory event than previously thought. Significance: Motoneuron integrative property modification assessed by CSP could be a new biomarker for ALS.
Protective efect of silymarin on tacrolimus-induced kidney and liver toxicity
(BMC, CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, 2022) Terzi, Funda; Çiftçi, Mustafa Kemal
Background: Tacrolimus (FK506) is an immunosuppressive agent and has toxic side efects such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. In our study, we aimed to investigate the protective efect of silymarin on renal and hepatic toxicity considered to be tacrolimus related. Methods: In this 6-week experimental study, 46 eight-week-old healthy male rats were used. The groups comprised the Control (healthy rats, n=6), Tac (tacrolimus 1 mg/kg, n=8), silymarin 100 mg/kg (SLI 100 mg/kg n=8), Tac+SLI 100 (tacrolimus 1 mg/kg+SLI 100 n=8), SLI 200 (SLI 200 mg/kg n=8), and Tac+SLI 200 (tacrolimus 1 mg/kg+SLI 200 mg/kg n=8). After 6 weeks, all rats were sacrifced, and the tissue follow-up procedure was performed for kidney and liver tissues, histopathology, and in situ TUNEL analysis. Blood samples were analyzed for the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), albumin, total bilirubin, creatine. Results: Histopathological fndings of kidney and liver tissue of rats were determined to increase statistically in Tac group compared to SLI 1 00 and SLI 200 groups (P<0.05). In addition, the Tac+SLI 100 and Tac+SLI 200 groups were found to be statistically similar to the Control group (P>0.05). The in situ TUNEL method showed that the tacrolimus increased apoptosis while the silymarin decreased it. TOC levels increased statistically in Tac groups compared to silymarin-treated groups (P<0.05). Although the TAC level was not statistically signifcant among the experimental groups (P>0.05), the lowest was measured in the Tac group. The ALT, AST, GGT, total bilirubin, and creatine values were higher in the Tac group than in the silymarin groups (P<0.05). There was no statistically signifcant diference between the groups with regard to the albumin level (P>0.05). Conclusion: In our study, we determined that tacrolimus caused damage to kidney and liver tissue. Histopathological, biochemical and apoptotic fndings show that silymarin has a protective efect against nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity caused by tacrolimus.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of fissure sealants for caries prevention in children
(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2023) Egil, Edibe; Yaylalı, Emine
Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of resin-based and glass ionomer-based fissure sealants compared with no intervention for children. Methods: We developed a Markov-based decision analytic model that simulated Turkish children from aged 6 to 15 years. Two types of costs were explored from the payers’ perspective and the health care system perspectives. A costeffectiveness analysis of resin-based and glass ionomer-based fissure sealants was conducted to quantify their effectiveness using the number of caries prevented and the quality-adjusted tooth years (QATYs). Costs and effectiveness measures were discounted at 3% per year. Results: The most cost-effective intervention was resin-based fissure sealant, with an additional $5.34 per caries prevented and $1.86 per QATY gained compared with no treatment. Conclusion: Fissure sealants particularly resin-based sealants are cost-effective for children in Turkey due to their low cost and highly preventive characteristics.
Comparison of Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Real-Time PCR Methods for Diagnosis of Listeriosis in Ruminants with Encephalitis
(Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2022) Hatipoğlu, Fatih; Terzi, Funda; Özdemir, Özgür; Ortatatlı, Mustafa; Çiftçi, Mustafa Kemal; Ateş, Mehmet Burak
Encephalitic listeriosis is the most significant purulent encephalitis in ruminants and is a very common endemic problem in sheep, cattle, and goats. In this study, it was aimed to compare the presence of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes revealed by immunohistochemical (IHC) and Real-Time PCR methods with histopathological findings obtained from the archive materials. The study material consisted of pons and medulla oblongata paraffin tissue of 100 ruminants (9 cattle, 4 calves, 44 sheep, 38 lambs, and 5 goats). Positivity was obtained by the IHC method in 46 (46%) and by the Real-Time PCR method in 21 (21%) of 100 cases. In the L. monocytogenesis antigen IHC scoring, more severe staining was observed in sheep and goats (P>0.05). In the IHC positive cases, microabscess was more severe in sheep and goats than in cattle and lambs (P<0.05). In addition, 19 patients had Coenurus cerebralis cysts, and 3 of them were found to be positive for the IHC agent of Listeria. It was concluded that IHC and PCR methods can be used to detect L. monocytogenes from paraffin blocks, but the IHC method is a more effective method than PCR in revealing the presence of antigen from paraffin blocks stored for many years.
Fractal Perspective on the Rapid Maxillary Expansion Treatment; Evaluation of the Relationship Between Midpalatal Suture Opening and Dental Effects
(ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2022) Ok, Ufuk; Ünal Kaya, Tuğçe
Objective: This retrospective study investigates the relationship between the midpalatal suture opening and the dental effects of Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) treatment using fractal analysis. Methods: The participants of this study were selected from the patients who underwent Cone Beam Computed Tomography(CBCT) scans in 2019 and were treated with banded type Maxillary Expander. This study included 20 participants (with a mean age of 10.64§10.64, ranging from 8 to 13 years): 12 males and 8 females. Patients went through CBCT scan and images taken were analyzed using the ImageJ program. The following parameters were measured and analyzed before and after RME treatment: fractal dimensional value of Midpalatal suture(MPS), Distobuccal(DB), Mesiobuccal(MB), Palatal(P), Total distance, Cortical bone and linear values of External maxilla, Internal maxilla, Palatal roots, distance of Central fosses and angular values of Tipping value of 16 and 26. We used Spearman’s nonparametric test for non-normal variables to investigate the correlation between changes in MPS and other variables. Results: The results showed a strong positive correlation between the MPS and Right MB (0.34, p<0.05) and Left MB (0.59, p<0.05) variables and a strong negative correlation between the MPS and the External maxillary variables (-0.53, p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study have shown a strong correlation between right and left MB and External Maxilla. RME caused a reduction in buccal alveolar bone thickness and a slight reduction in MPS thickness in growing patients. Therefore, we suggest that fractal analysis can be used to evaluate the skeletal and dental effects of RME in patients.
A pilot study: Can calcaneus radiographic image be used to determine sex and breed in cats?
(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030, 2022) Şenol, Esra; Gündemir, Ozan; Duro, Sokol; Szara, Tomasz; Demiraslan, Yasin; Karadağ, Hüseyin
This study examined whether radiographic images measurements of the calcaneus in cats are determinative of sex and breed. For this purpose, radiographic images of 70 cats (37 male and 33 females) of different ages (from one to 18 years) and different breeds (41 mix-breed, 18 Scottish Fold and 11 British Shorthair cats) without orthopaedic problems were used. Right tarsal joint radiographs of these orthopaedically healthy cats were taken. Four linear measurements and two angle values of the calcaneus were obtained from the radiographic images. The MANOVA result showed that the most determining factor between the three groups was the greatest width (p value = 0.001). Calcaneal body length, calcaneal greatest length and calcaneal shortest depth were higher in mix-breed cats. Calcaneal tuber length was higher in Scottish Fold cats. The only statistically significant difference between Scottish Fold and British Shorthair was in the calcaneal tuber length (p value = 0.04). In the comparison made between the sexes regardless of species, the linear measurements in males were higher than in females. It was determined that these parameters are statistically significant in terms of sex differentiation in cats. Dorsal and plantar calcaneal angles are not sex determinants in cats. The effect of age on other measurements was analysed by correlation test. However, the effect of age on the measurements was not statistically significant. Mix-breed cats were examined in four groups according to their colour (grey, black-white, yellow, tri-colour). No statistically significant difference was found between calcaneal measurements of cats with different skin colour genotypes. In this study, calcaneus measurements were both determinative between breeds and sexes in cats.
Periodontal Disease Severity, Tooth Loss, and Periodontal Stability in Private Practice
(WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS, WOLTERS KLUWER INDIA PVT LTD, A-202, 2ND FLR, QUBE, C T S NO 1498A-2 VILLAGE MAROL, ANDHERI EAST, MUMBAI, Maharashtra 400059, INDIA, 2022) Elemek, Eser
Background: Periodontal disease diagnosis and its stability after treatment are still a field of interest for both researchers and clinicians. Aims: First aim of this study was to implement the new periodontal classification for the reflection of periodontitis severity in private practice. Second, periodontal stability and tooth loss were observed in patients who attended supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Patients and Methods: A total of 454 patients were classified according to the new classification. To define periodontitis, patients were staged according to the clinical attachment level, and tooth and bone loss. Grading was also assessed by bone loss to age ratio, smoking, and/or presence of diabetes. Associations between periodontitis and age, gender, presence of diabetes, and smoking were also analyzed. Additionally, periodontal stability, tooth loss, and adherence to oral hygiene were recorded for those who attended SPT. Results: One hundred five patients were diagnosed as generalized gingivitis and 349 patients as periodontitis. Among them, 166 suffered from severe periodontitis (stage 3 or 4). Most of the patients had stage 3 grade C periodontitis (40.4%). Out of the 344 patients who attended SPT at least once, no treatment was needed in 57 (16.6%) patients who were accepted periodontally stable. Twenty-nine patients lost at least one tooth due to periodontal reason. Conclusions: According to the new periodontal classification, 47.6% of the patients had severe periodontitis (stage 3 or 4). Periodontal stability was observed in 16.6% of patients who attended SPT.
Mechanical Properties of the New Generation RACE EVO and R-Motion Nickel–Titanium Instruments
(MDPI, ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND, 2022) Baştürk, Fatima Betül; Özyürek, Taha; Uslu, Gülşah; Gündoğar, Mustafa
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the dynamic cyclic fatigue, torsional and bending resistance of two novel RACE EVO (FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux de Fonds, Switzerland) and R-Motion (FKG) nickel–titanium instruments with traditional RaCe (FKG) instruments. RACE EVO, R-Motion and RaCe instruments with a size of 25 and taper of 0.06 were used. A dynamic cyclic fatigue test was used to assess the time to fracture. The fractured surfaces were further analyzed using scanning electron microscopy at ×350 and ×3000 magnifications. A torsional resistance test was performed to measure the maximum torsional strength and angle of rotation. Phase transformations with temperature were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry. The results were statistically analyzed with a Kruskal–Wallis test at a 5% significance level. R-Motion had the highest time to fracture and the lowest torsional and bending resistance, whereas RaCe had the lowest time to fracture and the highest torsional and bending resistance (p < 0.05). In relation to the angle of rotation, RACE EVO instruments had the highest deformation capacity followed by R-Motion and RaCe instruments (p < 0.05). The greater cyclic fatigue resistance and lower torsional and bending resistance results indicate that the novel R-Motion and RACE EVO instruments are less rigid and more flexible than RaCe instruments.
The reflex mechanism underlying the neuromuscular effects of whole-body vibration: Is it the tonic vibration reflex?
(JMNI, 7 SPILIADOU SQ, NAFPLION 21 100, GREECE, 2022) Çorum, Mustafa; Topkara, Betilay; Kökçe, Mustafa; Özkan, Mehmet; Bucak, Ömer Faruk; Aytüre, Lütfiye; Karacan, İlhan; Türker, Kemal Sıtkı
Objectives: Whole-body vibration (WBV) is applied to the sole of the foot, whereas local mechanical vibration (LMV) is applied directly to the muscle or tendon. The time required for the mechanical stimulus to reach the muscle belly is longer for WBV. Therefore, the WBV-induced muscular reflex (WBV-IMR) latency may be longer than the tonic vibration reflex (TVR) latency. The aim of this study was to determine whether the difference between WBV-IMR and TVR latencies is due to the distance between the vibration application point and the target muscle. Methods: Eight volunteers participated in this study. The soleus reflex response was recorded during WBV, LMVs, and tendon tap. LMVs were applied to the Achilles tendon and sole of the foot. The latencies were calculated using the cumulative averaging technique. Results: The latency (33.4±2.8 ms) of the soleus reflex induced by the local foot vibration was similar to the soleus TVR latency (30.9±3.2 ms) and T-reflex (32.0±2.4 ms) but significantly shorter than the latency of the soleus WBV-IMR (42.3±3.4 ms) (F(3,21)=27.46, p=0.0001, partial ?2=0.797). Conclusions: The present study points out that the neuronal circuitries of TVR and WBV-IMR are different.
An opinion on the 'delayed spikes' in human motoneurons
(SPRINGER, ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600 , NEW YORK, NY 10004, UNITED STATES, 2022) Türker, Kemal Sıtkı
This is a note challenging the claim by Kudina and Andreeva’s recent publication in Experimental Brain Research. In that publication, Kudina and Andreeva (Exp Brain Res 239:719–730, 2021) put forward a new idea about discovering two spiking modes in human motoneurons. We suggest that what they have shown in their publication maybe is the motor unit fring indicating the end of a net synaptic potential. We reason this challenge from our previous publication in the same journal. In that publication, we have shown that the "second spiking mode" after the H-refex was a return to the regular prestimulus discharge rate.
Effect of Rapid Maxillary Expansion Treatment on the Nasal Floor and Nasal Soft Tissue: Report on 26 Patients
(AVES, BUYUKDERE CAD 105-9, MECIDIYEKOY, SISLI, ISTANBUL 34394, TURKEY, 2022) Ok, Ufuk; Koru, Burcu Ece
Objective: Rapid maxillary expansion may result in transverse and sagittal alterations of the maxilla and base of the nose. rapid maxillary expansion-induced changes in soft and skeletal tissues could influence midfacial aesthetics. In this study, we aimed to determine the shortterm effects of rapid maxillary expansion on the midface soft and skeletal tissue structures by reviewing cone-beam computed tomography imaging retrospectively. Methods: The study included 26 patients who underwent rapid maxillary expansion, of whom 13 were women and 13 were men (mean age 11.29 years; standard deviation 1.56, range 9.5-14.4 years). All selected patients underwent multi-slice cone-beam computed tomography twice; pre-rapid maxillary expansion (T0) and post-rapid maxillary expansion (T1). To compare the T0 and T1 results, 7 skeletal tissues, 4 soft tissues, and 3 angle variables were evaluated. Results: A statistically significant elevation of all variables related to soft (alar base and alar curvature) and skeletal tissues (N-ANS; P < 0.05) was found. Comparisons between T0 and T1 revealed significant changes in the pyriform aperture width (anterior nasal width, posterior nasal width, and anterior nasal floor width; P < .001). When the beta coefficient was considered in simple regression analysis, the difference in the value of anterior nasal floor revealed a positive effect that was 3.91 times that of the change in the al-al alar base width. Conclusion: Rapid maxillary expansion caused significant positional changes in the soft tissues around the nose of young and growing patients. The maxillary transverse width variable, T1-T0 difference, was found to impact the alar base width owing to the effects on the anterior nasal floor. Therefore, the anticipated changes should be explained to patients with pre-rapid maxillary expansion.
Retrospective Analysis of Geriatric Patients Treated with Dental Implants and Implant-Retained Prostheses
(GUNES KITABEVI LTD STI, M RAUF INAN SOK NO 3, ANKARA, SIHHIYE 06410, TURKEY, 2022) Elemek, Eser
Introduction: An increasing number of geriatric patients are being treated with dental implants instead of the conventional complete dentures for enhanced oral health-related quality of life. Therefore, this retrospective study assessed the survival rates and biological and technical complications of implants placed in partially and completely edentulous geriatric patients. Materials and Method: Thirty-six elderly patients (65–80 years) rehabilitated with 105 dental implants and undergoing maintenance therapy at our private practice were included. Demographic data, including patient age, sex, systemic condition, and smoking status, were recorded. The new classification was used to define peri-implant status which was assessed based on bleeding on peri-implant probing, probing depth, suppuration, and peri-implant bone loss. Additionally, the cleanability of the prosthesis, screw-loosening, ceramic chipping, fracture of prosthesis, and their relationship with peri-implantitis were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients at implant surgery was 67.8±3.3 years. The implant survival rate was 100% during the mean observation period of 38±26.5 months. Forty-two (40%) implants were diagnosed as healthy, 52 (49.5%) as having peri-implant mucositis, and 11 (10.5%) as having periimplantitis. Smoking and poor oral hygiene were significantly associated with peri-implantitis (p<0.01). Peri-implantitis was also significantly more common around implants in function for >3 years (p<0.01). Conclusion: According to new classification, peri-implantitis is not common in geriatric patients. Implant treatment and implant-retained prostheses can be safely used to improve the quality of life of elderly patients. However, clinicians should plan the surgery and prepare the prosthesis carefully as elderly people may need nursing or domiciliary dental care.
Brain in metabolic syndrome model: The effect of exercises and caloric restriction
(MARMARA UNIV, GOZTEPE CAMPUS, KADIKOY, ISTANBUL 34722, TURKEY, 2022) Alev Tüzüner, Burçin; Genç Kahraman, Nevin; İpekçi, Hazal; Üstündağ, Ünsal Veli; Tunalı Akbay, Tuğba; Emekli Alturfan, Ebru; Şener, Göksel; Yarat, Ayşen
Caloric restriction (CR) and exercise (EX) have impacts on improving metabolic risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the brain after EX and/or CR in metabolic syndrome (MeS) induced by a high fructose diet in rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups. Drinking water including 10% fructose solution was given to rats for 12 weeks to develop a MeS rat model. Animals with MeS were submitted to EX and/or CR for 6 weeks. Blood glucose, and brain tissue damage and antioxidant parameters were measured. Brain lipid peroxidation, sialic acid, mucin, fucose levels increased in the MeS group compared to the control (C) group. These parameters reduced significantly in the metabolic syndrome with caloric restriction (MeS+CR) group, and more significantly in the metabolic syndrome with exercise and caloric restriction group (MeS+EXCR), compared to the MeS group. Glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities decreased in the MeS group compared to the C group, increased both in the MeS+CR group, and MeS+EXCR group compared to the MeS group. High fructose diet consumption can lead to brain tissue damage and decreased antioxidant levels were found to be improved best in the MeS+EXCR group.
Comparison of stresses in monoblock tilted implants and conventional angled multiunit abutment-implant connection systems in the all-on-four procedure
(BMC, CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, 2021) Özdal Zincir, Özge; Parlar, Ateş
Background: The All-on-four dental implant method is an implantology method designed to provide a comfortable prosthetic treatment option by avoiding advanced surgical procedures. This research aims to compare and evaluate the stress and tension values in conventional angled multiunit abutment-implant connection systems and monoblock dental implants used in the all-on-four procedure with fnite element analysis. Methods: Two master models were created by placing four implants connected to multiunit abutments (group A) in the interforaminal region of a completely edentulous mandible and four monoblock implants (group B) in the same region of another completely edentulous mandible. Group A implants were classifed according to their diameter as follows: 3.5 mm (M1A), 4.0 mm (M2A), and 4.5 mm (M3A). Similarly, group B implants were classifed as M1B, M2B, and M3B. In the six models rehabilitated with acrylic fxed prostheses, a 100 N force was applied to the anterior implant region, and a 250 N force was applied to the posterior cantilever in both axial and 30° oblique directions. Von Mises stresses were analyzed in the bone and implant regions of all models. Results: M1A and M1B, M2A and M2B, and M3A and M3B were compared with each other under axial and oblique forces. The maximum Von Mises stresses in the bone around implants and the prosthesis screws, and the maximum and minimum principal stresses in the cortical and trabecular bone in group A models were signifcantly higher than those in group B models. Conclusions: In monoblock implant systems under axial and oblique forces, higher stress is accumulated in the bone, prosthesis screw and implant compared to multiunit abutment-implant connection systems.
An association of the MCP-1 and CCR2 gene polymorphisms with oral lichen planus
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, STE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169, 2021) Öztürk, Özgür; Çakmakoğlu, Bedia; Öztürk, Gizem Nur; Ünür, Meral
Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 CCR2 gene polymorphisms in Turkish patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). Study Design. A cohort of 50 patients with OLP and 142 control participants without OLP were recruited to investigate the frequency of MCP-1 and CCR2 gene polymorphisms. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used. Student t test and analysis of variance were used to compare demographic data between groups. Results. The MCP AA genotype was less common in the patient group (52%) than in the control group (66.2%; odds ratio [OR] = 0.553; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.287-1.065; P = .075). The MCP G allele was higher in the patient group (48%) than in the control group (33.8%; OR = 1.808; 95% CI, 0.939-3.479; P = .075). The frequency of the MCP GG genotype was observed to be higher in the patient group (4%) than in the controls (0.7%; OR: 5.875, 95% CI:0.521-66,24; p = 0.106). The CCR2 64I64I genotype was more common in the patient group (6%) than in the control group (2.8%). All results were not statistically significant. Conclusion. We suggest that the G allele of MCP-1 and 64I64I genotype of CCR2 polymorphisms do not pose an increased risk for Turkish patients with OLP to develop oral squamous cell carcinoma. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021;132:708 714)
Premolar Agenesis Prevalence and Patterns in a Sample of Turkish Children
(Marmara Üniversitesi, 2021) Egil, Edibe
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of premolar tooth agenesis patterns in Turkish children and confirm a valid cutoff age. Methods: Included in this study were panoramic radiographs of 3637 Turkish pediatric patients aged 7–12 years (1819 males and 1818 females), whose panoramic radiographs were taken. The prevalence of premolar hypodontia, sex distribution, distribution of premolar hypodontia in the maxilla and mandible, unilateral/bilateral incidences and cutoff ages were examined in radiographs. Results: The prevalence rate of agenesis of one or more premolars was 3.1% (n = 111) for both sexes combined, and 1.4% for boys and 1.6% for girls, with no significant difference between the sexes (p = 0.498). No significant difference was observed between younger and older groups at the cutoff ages examined. Conclusion: An early diagnosis of premolar agenesis enables ideal and conservative treatment planning, which may involve less invasive treatment options for patients diagnosed in the early period. For these reasons, the awareness of dentists regarding these treatments should be enhanced. Therefore, there is a need for more studies regarding the prevalence of this condition, which will provide important clinical value in the timely diagnosis of hypodontia.
Evaluation of mesial root canal configuration of mandibular first molars using micro-computed tomography
(KOREAN ACAD ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL RADIOLOGY, SCH DENTISTRY, SEOUL NATL UNIV, SEOUL 03080, SOUTH KOREA, 2021) Altan Şallı, Gülay; Egil, Edibe
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of mesial roots of mandibular first molars. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted mandibular first molars were used in this study. The morphological examination of root canals was conducted in accordance with the Vertucci classification using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Any aberrant root canal configurations not included in the Vertucci classification were recorded, and their frequency was established using descriptive statistics. Intra-observer reliability was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, while inter-observer reliability was assessed using the Cohen kappa test. Significance was evaluated at the P<0.05 level. Results: The mesial roots of mandibular first molars had canal configurations of type I (15%), type II (7.5%), type III (25%), type IV (10%), type V (2.5%), type VI (7.5%), and type VII (7.5%). The images showed 10 (25%) additional configuration types that were not included in the Vertucci classification. These types were 1-3-2-3, 1-2- 3-2-3, 2-3-1, 2-3, 1-2-3-1, 2-1-2-3, 3-2-1, 1-2-3-1, 2-3-2-3, and 1-2-1-2-1. The intra-observer differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05) and the kappa value for inter-observer agreement was found to be 0.957. Conclusion: Frequent variations were detected in mesial roots of mandibular first molars. Clinicians should take into consideration the complex structure of the root canal morphology before commencing root canal treatment procedures to prevent iatrogenic complications. Micro-CT was a highly suitable method to provide accurate 3-dimensional visualizations of root canal morphology.(Imaging Sci Dent 2021; 51: 383-8)
Is there a relationship of nasal septum deviation with pharyngeal airway dimension and craniocervical posture?
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND, 2021) Sadry, Sanaz; Ok, Ufuk; Öner Özdaş, Didem
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nasal septum deviation on the pharyngeal airway and craniocervical posture measurements using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the CBCTs of 25 patients with and without nasal septum deviation. Various parameters defining the pharyngeal airway and craniocervical and facial skeletal morphology were measured and compared between the groups after confirming intraexaminer reliability. Results: Compared to the control group, the group with nasal septum deviation had a statistically significantly shorter nasopharyngeal length (p < 0.001), longer vertical airway length (p < 0.002), and larger cervical column curvature angle (p < 0.006). Conclusion: Children with a nasal septum deviation of 4 mm or more on their CBCT scan are susceptible to unfavorable pharyngeal airway and craniocervical postural changes.
Synergistic effect of thymoquinone and nystatin in the treatment of oral candidiasis; an in vitro study
(SPRINGER, ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600 , NEW YORK, NY 10004, UNITED STATES, 2021) Özdal Zincir, Özge; Özdal, Umut; Ünlü, Özge; Demirci, Mehmet; Katiboğlu, Ahmet Bülent; Egil, Edibe; Altan Şallı, Gülay
The efectiveness of antifungal agents may be insufcient against resistant strains in some cases of oral candidiasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal efect of thymoquinone against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei strains and the synergistic antifungal activity of these strains in combination with nystatin. To evaluate in vitro antifungal activity and interactions between thymoquinone and nystatin, substances were tested against Candida albicans ATCC 10,231, C. tropicalis ATCC 750, C.krusei ATCC 6258 and C. glabrata ATCC 2001 standard strains both individually and combinationally via microdilution method. MIC and ?FIC index value were analysed. The Kruskal Wallis test and Bonferroni test were used for statistical evaluations. Statistical signifcance was set at p<0.05. A statistically signifcant diference was observed between the mean ranks of all Candida species and doses of thymoquinone, nystatin, and the combination thymoquinone-nystatin (p<0.05). MIC values for thymoquinone were determined as 15 ?g/mL for C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. krusei while it was 30 ?g/mL for C. glabrata. Moreover, MIC for nystatin was found as 1.875 ?g/mL for C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. krusei, whereas it was 7.5 ?g/mL in C. glabrata. Interaction assays and ?FIC index value revealed that, TQ and nystatin have a synergistic efect against to all strains. Thymoquinone was found to have antifungal activity on Candida species and synergistic efect when combined with nystatin.
A new method to determine stretch reflex latency
(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2021) Topkara, Betilay; Aydın, Tuğba; Çorum, Mustafa; Karaoğlu, Ayşe; Ekici Zincirci, Dilara; Buğdaycı, Derya S.; Öneş, Kadriye; Paker, Nurdan; Kesiktaş, Nur; Karacan, İlhan; Türker, Kemal Sıtkı
Introduction/Aims: Motion artifact signals (MASs) created by the relative movement of intramuscular wire electrodes are an indicator of the mechanical stimulus arrival time to the muscle belly. This study proposes a method that uses wire electrodes as an intramuscular mechanosensor to determine the stretch reflex (SR) latency without lag time. Methods: Gastrocnemius SR was induced by tendon tap, heel tap, and forefoot tap. The MASs recorded by intramuscular wire electrodes were extracted from background electromyographic activity using the spike-triggered averaging technique. Simultaneous recordings were obtained from multiple sites to validate the MAS technique. Results: Using intramuscular wire electrodes, the MASs were successfully determined and extracted for all stimulus sites. In the records from the rectus femoris, MASs were also successfully extracted; thus, the reflex latency could be calculated. Discussion: Wire electrodes can be used as an intramuscular mechanosensor to determine the mechanical stimulus arrival time to the muscle belly.

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