TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF DIFFERENT SOLAR ACTIVITY INDICES THROUGH THE SOLAR CYCLES 21-23

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dc.contributor.authorGoker, U. D.
dc.contributor.authorSingh, J.
dc.contributor.authorNutku, F.
dc.contributor.authorPriyal, M.
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-11T19:52:51Z
dc.date.available2024-09-11T19:52:51Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.departmentİstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractHere, we compare the sunspot counts and the number of sunspot groups (SGs) with variations of total solar irradiance (TSI), magnetic activity, Ca II K-flux, faculae and plage areas. We applied a time series method for extracting the data over the descending phases of solar activity cycles (SACs) 21, 22 and 23, and the ascending phases 22 and 23. Our results suggest that there is a strong correlation between solar activity indices and the changes in small (A, B, C and H-modified Zurich Classification) and large (D, E and F) SGs. This somewhat unexpected finding suggests that plage regions substantially decreased in spite of the higher number of large SGs in SAC 23 while the Ca II K-flux did not decrease by a large amount nor was it comparable with SAC 22 and relates with C and DEF type SGs. In addition to this, the increase of facular areas which are influenced by large SGs, caused a small percentage decrease in TSI while the decrement of plage areas triggered a higher decrease in the magnetic field flux. Our results thus reveal the potential of such a detailed comparison of the SG analysis with solar activity indices for better understanding and predicting future trends in the SACs.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNASA; Bogazici University [8563]; Scientific and Technological Research council of Turkey (TUBITAK)en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to thank the members of the National Geographical Data Center (NGDC) and World Data Center (WDC) for making USAF_MWL (mainly Rome) and Lear month proxies accessible for obtaining and further processing; The Solar Irradiance Platform (SOLAR2000) historical irradiances are provided courtesy of W. Kent Tobiska and Space Environment Technologies (SOLAR2000, the Research Grade empirical solar irradiance model is made available, at no charge, to the science and engineering research community); Wilcox Solar Observatory data used in this study was obtained via the web site http://wso.stanford.edu courtesy of J.T. Hoeksema for magnetic field data and the Wilcox Solar Observatory is currently supported by NASA; and the newest data of Stanford Observatory (SFO), California State University, Northridge is used courtesy of Dr. Angela M. Cookson (special contact). The new Sunspot Number data used in this article are produced and distributed by the World Data Center SILSO hosted the Royal Observatory of Belgium, in Brussels. We thank the Director of the WDC-SILSO, Prof. Dr. Frederic Clette, for providing us with useful guidance and advice for the preparation of this article, and also to Bogazici University (Scientific Research Project No: 8563) and The Scientific and Technological Research council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for their financial support.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.2298/SAJ1795059G
dc.identifier.endpage70en_US
dc.identifier.issn1450-698X
dc.identifier.issn1820-9289
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85044676875en_US
dc.identifier.startpage59en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.2298/SAJ1795059G
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11363/8036
dc.identifier.volume195en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000418336300008en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ4en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAstronomical Observatory Belgradeen_US
dc.relation.ispartofSerbian Astronomical Journalen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.snmz20240903_Gen_US
dc.subjectMethods: data analysisen_US
dc.subjectSun: activityen_US
dc.subjectSun: chromosphereen_US
dc.subjectSun: faculae, plagesen_US
dc.subjectsunspotsen_US
dc.titleTEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF DIFFERENT SOLAR ACTIVITY INDICES THROUGH THE SOLAR CYCLES 21-23en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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