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İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu / Istanbul Gelisim University School of Physical Education and Sports

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Development of a video-based test for assessing decision-making proficiency in football referees
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND, 2024) Kayhan, Recep Fatih; Kızılet, Ali; Kızılet, Tuba
The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable video-based test to analyze the decision-making performance of Turkish football referees. Twenty-two divisional and fifteen local football referees affiliated to the Turkish Football Federation participated in the study. Using SuperLab 5 software and a Cedrus response pad, a test consisting of 20 video clips to be answered as yellow card, red card, and no card was designed. The referees watched the video clips in sequence and made a decision by pressing the button assigned for the decision of their choice. After each decision, the next video automatically appeared on the screen. The protocol was repeated at 10-day intervals for validity and reliability analyses. Content validity and construct validity were used for validity. Cohen's kappa statistic and intraclass correlation coefficient were used for reliability. Expert referees confirmed content validity by assessing the degree to which the video clips reflected actual match conditions (CVR > 0.80). Difference analysis results showed that the test was able to discriminate the performance of the referees according to their level of performance, thus establishing construct validity (p < 0.05). High Cohen kappa values indicated that the video clips were reliable (K = 0.84). High ICC values indicated that the scoring scale was reliable and consistently assessed the decision-making performance of the referees (ICC = between 0.81 and 0.95; CV = between 0.74 and 4.49; MDC = between 0.02 and 1.45; SEM = between 0.01 and 0.52). In conclusion, the fact that the video-based decision-making test meets the validity and reliability criteria shows that the decision-making performance of the referees can be measured accurately and consistently.
Validity and reliability of velocity and power measures provided by the Vitruve linear position transducer
(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111, 2024) Ruiz-Alias, Santiago A.; Şentürk, Deniz; Akyıldız, Zeki; Çetin, Onat; Kaya, Selman; Perez-Castilla, Alejandro; Jukic, Ivan
This study aimed to determine the validity and between-day reliability of the mean velocity (MV), peak velocity (PV), mean power (MP), and peak power (PP) provided by the Vitruve linear position transducer at different submaximal loads in the free-weight and Smith machine back squat using GymAware as a reference point. Fourteen male sports science students (free-weight back squat one-repetition maximum [1RM]: 132.5 ± 28.5 kg, Smith machine back squat 1RM: 163.9 ± 30.4 kg) performed six experimental sessions, twice per week with 72 hours of rest. The first two included the assessment of the 1RM of both exercises. In the four remaining, both linear position transducers were simultaneously used to record MV, PV, MP, PP of each repetition during an incremental load test (i.e., 20, 40, 60, 80, 90% 1RM) with three minutes of rest between sets. Vitruve displayed both fixed and proportional bias for certain relative loads across all variables. Vitruve did not meet the validity criteria for all (MV, PP) or at least two (MP, PV) relative loads (Coefficient of variation [CV] > 10%; Pearson correlation < 0.70; Effect size > 0.60). MV, PV, MP, and PP recorded by Vitruve displayed acceptable reliability (CV < 10%) with superior reliability observed during a Smith Machine compared to free-weight back squat, and for velocity compared to power variables. Considering GymAware as a reference point, Vitruve was not valid for measuring velocity and power outcomes. Acceptable validity was observed only for PV in the Smith machine back squat, while the other variables—regardless of relative loads and exercise modes—were mostly inaccurate. All variables demonstrated acceptable reliability, with greater reliability noted in the Smith machine compared to the free-weight back squat exercise mode.
The Relationship Between Actual Motor Competence and Physical Activityin Children Mediating Roles of Perceived Motor Competence and Physical Activity Enjoyment
(HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC, 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200, 2024) Çimen, Murat; Tuncel, Semihha; Tuncel, Fehmi
This study's objective was to examine whether the relationship between actualmotor competence and physical activity (PA) in children is mediated by perceivedmotor competence (PMC) and physical activity enjoyment. The participantsconsisted of a total of 167 students (male=92, female=75) in 10 differentschools in the fourth grade of primary schools in the central district of IspartaProvince, Turkey, during the 2020-2021 academic year. Multiple parallel media-tion analysis was used to examine the mediation role in the analysis of the data,and regression analysis based on the bootstrapping method was performed. As aresult of the research, it was seen that PMC had a full mediating role betweenactual motor competence and PA (b=0.003, 95% confidence interval [0.002,0.094]). On the other hand, it was determined that PA enjoyment did not have amediating role in this relationship (b=0.001, 95% confidence interval [-0.002,0.005]). The total indirect effect was not significant (b=0.005, 95% confidenceinterval [-0.000, 0.012]). The multiple mediation analysis showed that PMCaccounted for 23.2% of the total effect of actual motor competence on PA. Inconclusion, thefindings show that PMC is an important variable in participation inPA. Therefore, PMC should be considered a key outcome in physical education.
Using velocity recordings to predict squat repetitions to failure in high‐level wrestlers
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND, 2024) Janicijevic, Danica; Şentürk, Deniz; Akyıldız, Zeki; Weakley, Jonathon; Garcia-Ramos, Amador
The aim of this study was to assess whether lifting velocity (MV) can provide accurate estimations of the maximum number of repetitions that can be performed to failure (RTF) during the parallel back?squat exercise performed in a Smith machine. ..
Correlation Between Life Satisfaction, Body Satisfaction and Mental Well Being in University Students Doing
(ANADOLU UNIVINST FINE ARTS, ESKISEHIR 26470, TURKEY, 2022) Pekel, Aydın; Demirci, Sinan
This study sought to evaluate the correlation between life satisfaction, body satisfaction and mental well being in university students doing sports. In line with the study purpose, the method of the quantitative study was correlational screening model. In the study, the researcher used the survey technic as data collection method and conducted the study on voluntary basis. The target population of the study comprised students receiving education within the body of İstanbul Gelişim University School of Physical Education and Sports and the sample comprised 260 students doing sports actively who were chosen via the simple random sampling method. The researcher applied “the Life Satisfaction Scale”, “the Body Satisfaction Scale” and “the Mental Well Being Scale”, as well as a personal information form to the participants. He identified the data acquired on the IBM SPSS 25.0 package program and performed relevant analyses via this program. The researcher used the Spearman’s Correlation and regression analyses as statistical procedures. As a consequence, the researcher found that the School of Physical Education and Sports students had a good level of life satisfaction, body satisfaction perception and mental well being. There was a weak correlation between life satisfaction and body satisfaction in a positive direction and a moderate correlation between life satisfaction and mental well being in a positive direction. Life satisfaction had a positive impact on the total body satisfaction score, subscale scores and the mental well being level. Life satisfaction played a key role in the development of body satisfaction and mental well being of university students doing sports actively. Life satisfaction was considered a determinant variable in explaining body satisfaction and mental well being level.
Examining the relationship between joint range of motion and serve speed and hit
(IERMAKOV S S, BOX 11135, KHARKOV-68 61068, UKRAINE, 2019) Soyal, Mehmet; Kaya, Mustafa; Çelik, Nuri Muhammet
Purpose: In this study, the relationship between the joint range of motion, and the serve speed and hit rate of tennis players was examined. The voluntary participants of this study are tennis players in the university tennis team. Material: Twelve male students aged 18-25 voluntarily participated in the study. Participants were individuals, who professionally played tennis with a license. Certain parameters of the participants such as the upper extremity joint range of motion, extension and flexion angles of the elbow joint, abduction angle of the shoulder joint, and flexion and extension angles of the wrist were measured through standard plastic 12 goniometers. Similarly, the hit values were examined via the Revised Dyer Wall Test and serve speed values were examined by using the Stalker solo 2 brand radar. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between the joint range of motion and the serve speed and hit rate of the participants. The values below p <0.05 were considered as significant. Results: In the study, it was determined that there was a moderate positive correlation between wall test and shoulder abduction (p <0.05, r =.599); similarly, there was a high positive correlation between wall test and wrist extension (p <0.05, r = 671); there was a high positive correlation between wall test and wrist flexion (p <0.05, r = 638); there was a high positive correlation between abduction of the shoulder and wrist extension (p <0.05, r =, 603); there was a very high positive correlation between wrist extension and wrist flexion (p <0.001, r = 819), and it was determined that there was no significant relationship between the other parameters (p> 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, in this study, it was determined that the joint range of motion has a positive relationship with both serve speed and hits.
The relationship between life satisfaction and alienation level of disabled athletes (Kayseri Case)
(IERMAKOV S S, BOX 11135, KHARKOV-68 61068, UKRAINE, 2019) Özkatar Kaya, Emire; Pekel, Aydın
Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between life satisfaction and alienation level of disabled athletes living in Kayseri. Material: The population of the study consists of 421 disabled athletes engaged in sports. The sample consisted of 109 disabled athletes identified by simple random sampling method. The study was performed by scanning method and the data was collected by survey method. Demographic information form consists of 5 questions, «Life Satisfaction Scale» which was developed by Diener et.al. and translated into Turkish by Köker, of which reliability and validity study had been conducted and the «Alienation Scale» developed by Dean and adopted into Turkish by Kınık were applied. The obtained data were recorded in the SPSS 23 package program. Mann Whitney U test was used for comparison of binary groups and Kruskal Wallis test was used for multiple comparisons. Spearman Correlation test was applied to determine the relationship between life satisfaction and alienation level sub-dimensions. Results: It has been determined that there is a difference between life satisfaction and alienation level sub-dimension scores of disabled athletes according to the gender and marital status, that there is a difference according to life satisfaction level score and ages of 18-23, 24-29 and 18-23 and 30 and above in terms of alienation level and irregularity sub dimensions; and ages of 18-23, 24-29 and 18-23 and 30 and above in terms of social isolation sub dimension and that there is a statistically significant difference between their life satisfaction level score according to education status and alienation level sub dimension. It has been determined that there is a negative and medium sized relation between the level of alienation and life satisfaction, weakness (r = -.491, p =.050) and the irregularity (r = -.619, p =.050) sub-dimension, and that there is a positive relation between life satisfaction and social isolation sub dimension (r=.795, p= .050). Conclusions: A medium level negative relation was determined between the level of life satisfaction and alienation with gender, age, marital status and educational status and between the level of alienation with life satisfaction and weakness and irregularity sub dimensions; and a high positive relation was determined with the social isolation sub dimension.
Understanding the Relationship between Sport Courage and Female Soccer Performance Variables
(MDPI, ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND, 2022) Konter, Erkut; Gledhill, Adam; Kueh, Yee Cheng; Kuan, Garry
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between female soccer players’ courage and key performance variables (level of participation, injury past, being selected or nonselected by a national team, being starter or substitute). Methods: The Sport Courage Scale-31, by Konter and Ng (2012) and key performance variables were collected from 210 female soccer players aged 12 to 27 (M = 17.97 ± 3.34 years old). Spearman correlations and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyse the collected data. Results: The correlations between mastery (r = 0.196), determination (p = 0.239), assertiveness (r = 0.325), sacrifice behaviour (r = 0.182), total sport courage (r = 0.265) and age of female soccer players were found to be significant (p < 0.05). Female soccer players who have sustained an injury in the past scored significantly higher on the venturesome scale (p = 0.006) than those who have not sustained an injury in the past. In comparison, female soccer players who have not sustained an injury in the past or who have not been substituted had significantly more mastery than female soccer players who have sustained an injury in the past or who have been substituted (p = 0.017, p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions: This study indicates that sport courage is related to key performance variables among female soccer players. Mastery and age seem to be related to courageous behaviour, whereas increasing venturesomeness might cause injuries in female soccer. Some relevant implications for practitioners can be drawn from the present findings.
The Relationship between Academic Motivation Levels and Career Decisions of Physical Education and Sports Science Students
(LAHORE MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER LLP, 590, Karim Block, Allama Iqbal Town, LAHORE 00000, PAKISTAN, 2022) Özman, Cemal; Pekel, Aydın
Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between academic motivation levels and career decisions of physical education and sports science students. Methods: In accordance with the aim of the study, the research model was designed based on correlational survey model. The universe of the research is made up of students of Istanbul City Public and Foundation Universities, Physical Education and Sports Vocational School of Higher Education and Faculty of Sports Science, while the sample is made up of 398 voluntary students. Participants were asked to fill personal information forms, academic motivation scales and career decision scales. The data gathered were transferred to the SPSS 25 packaged software, and correlation and regression analyses were performed. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was determined that students of physical education and sports science have a good level of academic motivation while the perception of career decision is at medium level. It was determined that, there is a low level relationship between academic motivation and informed career decision and uninformed career decision, a medium level relationship between academic motivation and career decision general score, and that the academic motivation level predicts the career decision and explains 22% of the total variation.
Comparing the gross motor performance levels of 7–10 age group children with autism spectrum disorder and typical developing
(IERMAKOV S S, BOX 11135, KHARKOV-68 61068, UKRAINE, 2022) Aksay, Ebubekir
Background and Study Aim: The children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder lead a sedentary lifestyle and, as a result, they are more affected by health problems such as being overweight and obese. They are physically less active than their peers showing typical developing. The aim of the study is to carry out a general comparison of the gross motor performance levels of elementary school-age children living in Germany diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and children showing typical developing. Material and Methods: A total of 68 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and 73 children showing normal development between the ages 7 and 10 participated in the study. Of the participants, 55 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were boys and 13 were girls, and the average age of the boys was 8.40±1.09 years, while the average age of the girls was 8.85±1.14 years. Of the 73 participants, 36 showing typical development consisted of boys and 37 of them consisted of girl students, and the average age of the boys was 8.56±1.08 years while the average age of the girls was 8.43±1.21 years. The Body Coordination Test for Children was used to evaluate gross motor performance components in the study. Results: The results of the study showed that girls had lower general body coordination than boys on average. It was concluded that children who had an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis displayed statistically lower total motor performance in all of the administered tests compared to their peers showing normal development (p<0.05). Conclusions: It is considered that the data obtained will provide important clues about the motor coordination values and body composition of children with autism spectrum disorder and will contribute to taking precautions against the health risks of children with autism spectrum disorder, who are more affected by a sedentary lifestyle compared to their normally developing peers.
Effect of Combined Training on Anaerobic Power and Motor Skills of Korfball and Basketball Players
(INT JOURNAL LIFESCIENCE & PHARMA RESEARCH, PLOT NO 10, 2 MAIN RD, RENGA NAGAR NEAR TO OLD ALPHA SCH, SATHANOOR MAIN RD, TIRUCHIRAPALLI , TAMILNADU 620021, INDIA, 2022) Erzeybek, Mustafa Said; Yüksel, Oğuzhan; Kaya, Fatih; Önen, Mert Eray
In this study, the effects of eight-week combined training program on the development of anaerobic power and some isometric forces of korfball and basketball players are examined. 29 male (10 basketball players, 9 korfball players and 10 control group) university students, whose age range is 19-24 years, participated in the study. While basketball and korfball players were included in the training program, the participants in the control group continued their routine daily activities. Mean power (watts), peak power (watts), relative power (kg / watts), vertical jump (cm), right hand and left hand paw force (kg) and leg force (kg) were measured before and after the training program. Eight-week training program (3 days a week) consisted of resistance exercises (60- 1RM), plyometric exercises (30 cm, 40 cm and 50 cm safes), common and intensive intervals (60-80% HR max), coordination and technical-tactical exercises. Statistically significant increase are determined in the peak power, relative power, vertical jump and leg force values of the basketball group and vertical jump, right hand, left hand and leg force values of the korfball group (p<0.05). In the light of the data obtained, it is seen that the increase in the performance values of basketball players is higher than the korfball players. Anaerobic power and vertical jump in basketball are more dominant than the korfball branch and the game progress is faster than the korfball. These reflect the effects of the training. As a result, it was observed that the combined training program used in this study contributes to improving the performance of basketball players, while different training models should be used for korfball players.
A biomechanical analysis of differences between natural and clinical angle degrees and correlations to performance in road cycling
(IERMAKOV S S, BOX 11135, KHARKOV-68 61068, UKRAINE, 2022) Büyükergün, Aliye; Berisha, Milaim
Background and Study Aim The study aims to determine differences between natural and clinical angle degrees in hips and shoulders, and determination of the correlations between angle degrees and functional threshold power (FTP) in road cycling athletes. Material and Methods The study includes 11 male road cycling athletes aged 14-16 years old. The volunteer’s body weight average was determined as 68.5±14.58, body height average was 175.4±6.98, and body mass index average 21.8±3.87. Volunteers are active athletes in “Büyükçekmece Road Cycling Team”. To measure the performance of the cyclists clinical hip angle, clinical shoulder angle, hip angle degree, shoulder angle, functional threshold power (FTP) tests were used. The Kinovea 0.8.15 program was used in the data analysis of the variables in the study. Analyzes were performed using SPSS 26 analysis program. The analyses of the Shapiro Wilks test resulted in the normal distribution of the variables included in the study. Correlations between FTP test parameters and angle degrees, the correlation of a continued variable were calculated with Pearson correlation. Results A statistically significant correlation between functional threshold power parameters such as distance, power avarege, total energy, cadance avarege, speed avarege, functional threshold power, and hip angle degree parameter (p<0.05). Similarly, correlations between functional threshold power, parameters such as power avarege and back curve resulted to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Also, like an functional threshold power parameter, speed avarege resulted to be in a significant correlation with the clinical shoulders angle degree. Conclusions Based on these results, increases in the FTP parameters may affect positively the cyclist’s performance helping to avoid undesirable hip angles, which may lead to back pain. Similarly, power average and back curve degree resulted to be in a correlation. Therefore, the back curve degree may be increased or decreased by the changes in the power average parameter. In addition, during the high intensity of training and fatigue levels increased, the clinical hip and shoulder angles were also increased.
The effect of plyometric training on the power-related factors of children aged 16 years-old
(MATTIOLI 1885, VIA DELLA LODESANA 649-SX, FIDENZA 43046 PR, ITALY, 2020) Thaqi, Agron; Berisha, Milaim; Hoxha, Shkumbin
Study Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of a 12-week plyometric training program on the power (explosive force), acceleration, strength endurance and body extremities speed performance of children aged 16 years-old. Methods: The research was conducted on a sample of 220 male volunteer students (the sample divided in to the experimental and control group) aged 16 years ± 6 months, who are students of ‘’Fehmi Lladroci’’ high school from Glogoc, Republic of Kosovo. The tested plyometric training program was prepared according to the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) guides and applied 3-4 times per week (except for in the beginning and also in the last week of the program, where the program was applied twice a week). The details of the program are given in the methodology section of this paper. To process the results of the study, analysis of the data was done with the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The statistics obtained were provided by two-way repeated analysis of variance (a repeated measure ANOVA). The development percentage in time were calculated by using the formula “%? = (x post-test – x pre-test) / pre-test *100” and values below p <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: According to the results of the study we observed that the plyometric training applied in the 12 week increased power performance (countermovement jump, standing broad jump, standing triple jump and standing medicine ball throw) by approximately 15-30%, acceleration performance (10 and 20 meter runs) by approximately 10-12%, lower and upper body extremities speed performance (plate tapping, and foot-tapping against the wall) by approximately 9-12% and strength endurance performance (sit-ups and push-ups in 30 secs) by approximately 40-45%. Conclusion: It was showed that the plyometric exercises applied to children aged 16 years-old increase the strength, acceleration and speed performance as well as the explosive force.
The effect of pre-season football training on hematological parameters of well-trained young male football players
(IERMAKOV S S, BOX 11135, KHARKOV-68 61068, UKRAINE, 2020) Özen, Gökmen; Atar, Özdemir; Yurdakul, Hüseyin Ö.; Pehlivan, Bayram; Koç, Hürmüz
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of metabolic stress created by 6-week football training applied in the pre-season period on circulation and hematological parameters of well-trained male football players. Material: Fourteen male football players who competed in the U19 category of a football team in Turkish Football Super League participated in the study voluntarily. In the study, players’ systolic - diastolic blood pressures and resting heart rates were measured and their blood samples were taken before and after the 6-week training period. Laboratory analysis was made to determine counts and concentration percentage of erythrocyte, leukocyte, and platelet sub-parameters. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was performed to determine the difference between pre and post measurements. Results: Our findings indicated that baseline mean values of lymphocyte, mean cell hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher than posttest mean values. The mean of diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate measured before the preseason training camp were lower than their posttest mean values (p >.05). Conclusions: It is thought that the decrease in the mean values of diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate caused by the effect of regular training during the preseason training period, while the increase in the mean values of mean cell haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration caused by the increased oxygen demand of the metabolism during the training period.
The effect of exercise on homocysteine and some blood parameters in middle-aged sedentary individuals
(IERMAKOV S S, BOX 11135, KHARKOV-68 61068, UKRAINE, 2020) Çelik, Nuri Muhammet; Soyal, Mehmet
Purpose: The objective of this study is to examine the effect of exercise on the blood levels of homocysteine, hemoglobin and hematocrit in middle-aged sedentary individuals. Material: A total of 24 middle-aged (35-55 years) sedentary individuals (12 females and 12 males) living in Batman province voluntarily participated in this study. Body weight, body mass index, Homocysteine, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit blood levels were measured before and after a walking exercise scheduled for 6 weeks. Walking exercise was administered 4 days a week for the 6 weeks. Initially, the walking exercises started as 40 min and increased to 60 min towards the end of the program. In the exercises, walking tempo was kept higher than normal and in parallel to the overall health levels of the subjects. The data obtained were then analyzed through the SPSS 25.00 package program. Results: It was determined that there were statistically significant differences in the pretest and posttest parameters of body weight, body mass index, and Homocysteine values. Additionally, it was determined that, after the 6-week exercise program applied to the female and male participants, there were statistically significant differences between the pretest and posttest parameters of body weight, body mass index, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and homocysteine blood levels. Conclusions: As the conclusion, it was determined that, after the 6-week exercise program applied to a total of 24 participants (12 females and 12 males), there were statistically significant changes in the values of body weight, body mass index, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and homocysteine blood levels. It is suggested for further studies to apply nutrition programs and exercise protocols on young people regularly doing exercise and active athletes in different branches in order to contribute to sports science.
Comparing the hand grip power and creatine kinase levels of U-17 judo national team athletes before and after a 6-week strength training
(IERMAKOV S S, BOX 11135, KHARKOV-68 61068, UKRAINE, 2020) Çelik, Nuri Muhammet; Soyal, Mehmet
Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the hand grip power and creatine kinase levels of male and female U-17 National Team Athletes before and after a 6-week strength training. Material: 15 female and 15 male U-17 athletes, who previously participated in international competitions, participated in our study. Besides the hand grip power and creatine kinase values, age, height, weight, and BMI (body mass index) values of the athletes were measured before and after the training. As the conclusion of the measurements, the mean age of the female participant athletes was determined as 14,93 years, their mean height was 158,3 cm, and the mean age of the male athletes was 15,73 years, while their mean height was 173,1 cm. Results: As the conclusion of the measurements, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences between the right hand grip power and left hand grip power parameters of male and female participant athletes measured before and after the 6-week training. Moreover, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test measurements of creatine kinase values of both male and female athletes (p> 0,05). Conclusions: As the conclusion, it was determined that the 6-week strength trainings applied to U-17 Judo National Team athletes caused significant changes in their hand grip power and creatine kinase values. The significant results obtained from our study are considered to be originated from the duration, scope, frequency, severity, and content of the training.
Stress Levels and Psychological Responsibility of the Health Employees and theTimeofParticipation in the LeisureTimeActivities: a Relationship
(NATL CAVE RESEARCH & PROTECTION ORGANIZATION, INDIA, 3-40 CIVIL LINES, RAJATALAB, RAIPUR, CG 492001, INDIA, 2020) Çimen, Kubilay; Aşkın, Alev
To investigate the relationship between the time of participationof healthcareworkers in leisure timeactivities and occupational stress, psychological resilience and life satisfaction a total of 254 health workers were selected. The study was based on “Personal Information Form", "Psychological Endurance Scale", "Perceived Stress Scale" and “Life Satisfaction Scale". The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 24.0 software. Pearson moment product correlation coeff icient, independent sample t-test and ANOVA test were used to analyze the data obtained in the study. The relation between free time duration of health workers and perceived stress, psychological resilience and life satisfaction scales was examined; very poor correlation between perceived stress scale and free time period (r=- 0.136, p<0.05), positive correlation between psychological resilience scale and free time period (r=0.046, p<0.05) and life satisfaction scale very low positive correlation (r=0.092, p<0.05) was found between positive and free time and correlations were statistically signif icant. Spite of a lowlevel relationship was found between these variables, as a result of the increase in the free time period, the level of perceived stress decreased and the psychological resilience and lifesatisfaction increased.
Investigation of the effects of physical education activities on motor skills and quality of life in children with intellectual disability
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND, 2023) Özkan, Zekiye; Kale, Rasim
Aim: This study was carried out in order to examine whether there is a difference between the quality of life and motor skills of children with intellectual disability who participate in physical education activities and those who do not participate. Method: This study was conducted with a total of 34 children with 16 children in the control group (8 girls, 8 boys) and 18 children in the experimental group (11 boys, 7 girls) using a pre-test, post-test and control group experimental design. A 14-week "Physical Education Activities Program" was applied to the children in the experimental group. Children in the control group did not participate in physical education activities. The Bruininks Oseretsky test of motor proficiency second edition brief form 2010 to measure the motor performance and “Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)” developed by Varni et al. in 1999 were used for children with intellectual disability. Findings: When the motor skill tests of the children with intellectual disability in the experimental group were evaluated, significant improvements were found in fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, bilateral coordination, balance, speed and agility, upper limb coordination, strength tests and all dimension scores for quality of life compared to the pre-test (p < 0.05). In the control group, a statistically significant improvement was observed in the quality of life Physical Functioning score and fine motor integration, bilateral coordination, and upper limb coordination tests (p < 0.05). More significant improvement was observed in motor skills and quality of life in children with intellectual disability who participated in the 14- week physical education program compared to the control group. Conclusion: Physical education activities contributed positively to improving the motor skills and quality of life of children with intellectual disability.
Determining the norm values of table tennis in motor and technical tests in male students aged between 7-9 and analyzing differences
(UNIV ANTIOQUIA, INST UNIV EDUCACION FISICA & DEPORTECAMPUS ROBLEDO, MEDELLIN, ANT 00000, COLOMBIA, 2021) Berisha, Milaim; Abazi, Blerta
Objective: the study aimed to norm the physical and technical characteristics of table tennis in male students aged 7-8-9 years old. Besides this, the study also aimed to analyze the differences between motor and technical characteristics of male students between the ages of 7-8-9 living in Kosovo in table tennis. Methods: the study included 56 non-athlete boys aged 7, and 25 non-athlete boys aged 8, and 31 non-athlete boys aged 7. The Sprint (S), Vertical jump (VJ), Throwing ball (THB), Speed While Dribbling (SWD), Aiming At Target (AT), Ball Skills (BS), Eye Hand Coordination from 1 meter (EHC_1m), and Eye Hand Coordination from 2 meters (ECH_2m) were used as the measurement tools. Based on the skewness and kurtosis values, and sample groups (N), Kruskal-Wallis and OneWay ANOVA, Post-hoc (Tamhane’s T2) analyses were used to determine the differences between age groups in the motor and technical tests. Determination of the normative values was made by using the frequency and percentile values divided into 20 portions (percentiles). Results: based on the results of the data analyses of the study, there are significant differences in motor and technical abilities related to table tennis between 7-8-9 years old children. Conclusion: the norm values related to the table tennis branch for motor tests (sprint, vertical jump, ball throwing), technical tests (speed while dribbling, aiming to target, ball skills), and motoric (reactional) tests (eye-hand coordination from 1 meter and eye-hand coordination form 2 meters) were determined. The norm values were determined in 4 groups, for which separate data in 20% piece represented the percentiles for each test.
The Relationship between Academic Self-Efficacy and Distance Education Perception in the Pandemic Process: A Study on Physical Education and Sports Teacher Candidates
(LAHORE MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER LLP, 590, Karim Block, Allama Iqbal Town, LAHORE 00000, PAKISTAN, 2021) Atasoy, Taner; Pekel, Aydın
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between academic self-efficacy and distance education perception levels of physical education and sports teacher candidates during the pandemic process. The population of the study consists of teacher candidates (n=908) studying at the physical education and sports teaching departments of the School of Physical Education and Sports and Sports Sciences within the private and public universities affiliated to the Higher Education Institution in Istanbul, and the sample consists of volunteers (n=398) determined by simple random sampling method from this population. In order to collect data, the Google Forms platform was preferred in order to maintain social distance during the pandemic process. During the data collection process, information and questionnaires about the study were communicated to the participants through social networks. Volunteers who participated in the study were asked to fill in the personal information form, academic self-efficacy and distance education perception scales. The data obtained in the study were analyzed in computer environment. Variables are expressed by using mean ± standard deviation, percentage and frequency values. Pearson product moments correlation analysis (r) was applied to reveal the relationships between the scales. For the significance level of the tests, p<0.05 and p<0.01 values were accepted. As a result, it was determined that the academic self-efficacy and distance education perception levels of physical education and sports teacher candidates were above the average. Between the academic self-efficacy and perception of distance education. A low level positive relationship was found. It is thought that this situation is caused by the concerns of physical education and sports teacher candidates, who are accustomed to the face-toface transfer of knowledge and skills related to the teaching models of sportive skills, to the transition to distance education and to the problems that may occur in this process and not to learn the necessary knowledge and skills related to their professional development.

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