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https://hdl.handle.net/11363/1120

İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Yüksekokulu / Istanbul Gelisim University School of Applied Sciences

Listeleniyor 1 - 20 / 45

Understanding the Association Between Bitcoin Mining and Environmental Sustainability in Light of the Sustainable Development Goals Through the DARDL and KRLS Methods
(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2025) Çelik, Ali; Özırmak, Metehan
Assuring environmental sustainability is essential for the continuity of the ecosystem. Every sector of the economy has some degree of impact on environmental sustainability. The United Nations (UN)’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have placed these objectives within a broader global framework, offering a global plan aimed at ensuring environmental sustainability. This study assesses the role of cryptocurrency mining on environmental sustainability, incorporating monthly data for the period from 2015 to 2023. In this context, the impact of the electrical energy consumed in Bitcoin mining, which has the largest transaction volume among cryptocurrencies, and the climate policy uncertainty on Bitcoin greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are examined by applying dynamic stimulated autoregressive distributed lag (DARDL) and kernel-based regularized least squares (KRLS) methods. The results of the empirical analysis indicate that the increase in Bitcoin electricity consumption and climate policy uncertainty have a significant negative impact on Bitcoin GHG emissions. Put another way, cryptocurrency mined using fossil fuels and climate policy uncertainty poses a considerable threat to environmental sustainability. These findings are crucial for policy makers and all stakeholders who want to achieve environmental sustainability goals to develop proactive proposals. It is also highlighted that Bitcoin mining should bring environmental regulations that can mitigate environmental degradation.
Model roketlerde burun ve gövde farklı malzemelerinin uçuş performansı üzerindeki etkilerinin bazı parametreler açısından değerlendirilmesi
(GAZI UNIV,CENTER CAMPUS TECHNOLOGY FAC B BLOCK EK BINA, 2ND FL, ANKARA 06500, Turkiye, 2025) Al, Abdullah Can; Myderrizi, Indrit
Model roket tasarımında malzeme seçimi uçuş performansı üzerinde güçlü bir etkiye sahiptir. Ayrıca model roket tasarımı için malzeme seçimine karar verirken, malzemenin maliyetinin yanı sıra performansı da göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Havacılık ve model roketçilikte kullanımı en çok tercih edilen PVC, Karbon fiber, Cam elyafı ve Alüminyum gibi malzemeler, tasarlanan roketin özellikleri ve uçuş değerleri dikkate alınarak benzetimlerle değerlendirilmiştir. OpenRocket programı ile yapılan benzetimlerde belirlenen hız, maksimum irtifa, kararlılık, ağırlık oranları, maksimum ivmelenme, uçuş süresi ve iniş hızı ölçütlerine göre değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Bulgular, alüminyumun diğer malzemelere kıyasla fazla ağırlıktan dolayı model roketin performansını olumsuz etkilediği için elendiğini göstermiştir. En iyi performansı gösteren tüm malzeme kombinasyonları için roketin burun konisi PVC olarak belirlenmiştir. Gövde bölümlerinde kullanılan PVC esaslı kompozitler, roketlerdeki uçuş verilerini oldukça değişken ve tutarsız bir şekilde etkilemiştir. Örneğin, denge, maksimum irtifa ve uçuş süresi gibi veriler dikkate alındığında tahmin edilen değerlerin dışında anormal derecede düşük veya yüksek değerler ortaya çıkmıştır. Gövde bölümleri için elde edilen değerler birbirine yakın olmasına rağmen, cam elyafın karbon fiberden daha az maliyetli olması onu tasarım için daha uygun hale getirmiştir.
Flipped Classroom: A Case Study on the Perceived Benefits and Challenges of Flipped Learning for ESL Teacher Candidates
(Mehmet Akif OcakBosna Building, Room: 430, Ankara, Turkiye, 2025) Grab, Melissa Özlem; Bafralı, Görsev
Flipped classrooms have recently emerged as a very innovative approach in teaching and learning English as a Second Language, more specifically by the ESL teacher candidates in higher education institutions. The present study investigated the perceived benefits and challenges of flipped learning in the context of ESL teacher candidates. The subjects of the present study were 50 participants who underwent a structured survey, out of which 10 participants were randomly chosen for in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The results showed that flipped learning increases student engagement, promotes collaborative learning, and allows for more individualized instruction; some of the challenges noted in this study involved various technological problems and initial resistance from students. This study highlights how the flipped classroom model can transform language education through active learning and enhancement of critical thinking skills among ESL teacher candidates. These findings therefore gave good lessons that can be learnt by educators who wish to apply flipped learning; potential challenges such as access to technology and the preparedness of students have to be considered in implementing it. This study underlines continuous needs for professional development on the part of educators in adopting new teaching methodologies and points toward the future of studies in terms of the long-term effects of flipped learning in ESL contexts.
Challenges in Teacher Education: Pedagogy, Management, and Materials
(2025) Bafralı, Görsev
Educators encounter many unique challenges when teaching students who are learning English as a second or foreign language. These students may find mastering a new language daunting, resulting in speaking anxiety. In addition to managing their lesson plans, schedules, and school social interactions, teachers may need to assist students with stress management. By including teaching strategies grounded in cognitive and metacognitive abilities as well as problem solving in teacher education, new teachers may improve their ability to navigate challenges faced in the classroom. Challenges in Teacher Education: Pedagogy, Management, and Materials explores the impact of different strategies to enhance teacher education, increasing problem solving skills and self-efficacy. It addresses challenges and strategies for teaching foreign language learners with cultural competence. Covering topics such as well-being interventions, educational technology, and global awareness, this book is an excellent resource for teachers, school administrators, principals, researchers, professionals, academicians, and more.
Empowering impact: the influence of charismatic leadership via corporate social responsibility on employee quality of life in hotels
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2025) Salem, Islam Elbayoumi; El Gamil, Rehab Ahmed Mohamed; El-Said, Osman Ahmed; Youssif, Marwa
Purpose – Hotel management and academia are increasingly interested in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and charismatic leadership. In this context, the presentstudy examines how charismatic leaders affect employee quality of life through CSR practices in hotels. Design/methodology/approach – The survey encompassed employees working at either three-star or five-star hotels in Oman. The model was tested using data gathered from 396 hotel employees. Findings – Results showed that charismatic leadership positively affects CSR-induced intrinsic and extrinsic attributions. CSR positively affected task significance and intrinsic quality and negatively affected turnover intention. Quality of life predictors had a considerable impact, with intrinsic quality and turnover intention standing out. There was no significant effect of task significance on quality of life. The relationship between charismatic leadership and CSR was stronger for employees in five-star hotels and weaker for employees in three-star hotels. The CSR role mediates the relationship between charismatic leadership and quality of life. Practical implications – The results indicate that charismatic leaders exert a substantial impact on employees’ attributions of CSR. Upper-level management must emphasize fostering the cultivation of charismatic leadership attributes among non-charismatic leaders as a means to enhance employees’ perceptions of CSR. Originality/value – Few studies have focused on analyzing employees’ perceptions of CSR activities on a micro level. Investigating CSR phenomena in the context of internal stakeholders, especially employees, is very rare.
Exploring the Role of Well‐Being, Mindfulness, Life Satisfaction, and Subjective Happiness in the Professional Development of Language Teachers
(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2025) Demir, Bora; Hamarat, Bahattin; Sönmez, Görsev
Although there is a growing number of studies investigating the effect of professional development (PD) on the general well‐being of teachers, the reverse relationship has not been explored yet. In this respect, this paper aims to investigate the relationship between mindfulness in teaching, psychological well‐being, satisfaction in life, subjective happiness, and the PD of English language instructors teaching at schools of foreign languages in various Turkish universities. Based on structural equation modeling, this paper analyzed quantitative data from 173 English language teachers to discover the relationship between these variables. Two models were tested. The first model was designed with “purpose in life” as the extrinsic variable while the second model was centered on “personal growth” for psychological well‐being. The analysis of data revealed a significant positive correlation between teachers' intrapersonal mindfulness and aspects of psychological well‐being, including purpose in life and personal growth, as well as subjective happiness and life satisfaction. On the other hand, the study revealed no significant relationship between intrapersonal mindfulness and attitudes toward PD. These findings highlight that while mindfulness contributes positively to individual well‐being, it may not have a direct impact on attitudes toward PD. Furthermore, the research underscores the role of psychological well‐being and happiness in shaping teachers' perspectives on professional growth. These insights suggest the necessity for educational institutions and policymakers to focus on enhancing teachers' psychological health as a strategy for fostering their PD. These findings contribute significantly to the understanding of the complex relationship between psychological factors and PD, offering essential implications for future research and practical applications in the field of teacher education and development.
Empirical Exploration of the Drivers of Human Development in Central and West Asian Countries: How Effective Are Control of Corruption, Political Stability and the Rule of Law?
(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2025) Çelik, Ali; Köstekçi, Ahmet
Good governance indicators such as controlling corruption, establishing the rule of law, and ensuring political stability are central to social well-being as they affect both sustainable income growth and non-income indicators of human development. However, human development is still not a priority in Central and West Asia, where humanitarian problems are widespread and the literature on the impact of good governance on human development is limited. Moreover, the effects of corruption, rule of law and political stability on human development in Central and West Asia are not conclusive due to the limitations of inclusive studies. Therefore, this research explores the impact of economic, demographic, and environmental factors as well as governance factors such as corruption, political stability, and the rule of law on human development in Central and West Asian countries applying the advanced panel econometric techniques for the period between 2002 and 2021. The findings indicate that corruption has a negative influence on human development, but raising control of corruption has positive impact on human development. Furthermore, political stability and the rule of law positively contribute human development. Moreover, trade openness, and CO2 emissions promote human development, while inflation, unemployment and, population growth have negative effects on human development. In conclusion, the findings obtained from the study provide important clues and new perspectives for policy makers to achieve the human development goal in the region in question. Accordingly, our results stress that Central and West Asian countries need to adopt transparency and accountability-oriented policies to reduce corruption, establish the rule of law and ensure political stability in order to achieve high human development.
A new perspective on social sustainability: examining Amazon workers’ working conditions and protests applying computational methods in social sciences
(SPRINGER NATURE, CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, 2025) Çelik, Ali; Göktaş, Naim; Yıldız, Engincan
The regulation of workers’ working conditions is a crucial issue for achieving social sustainability. This research aims to investigate the reactions to the workers’ protests at Amazon, one of the world’s largest companies, in the context of the gig economy. The originality of the study lies in the analysis of 5500 comments from the YouTube channel on the subject in terms of social sustainability applying the computational methods in social sciences (CMSS). The analysis revealed some remarkable fndings. For example, it was found that the working conditions of Amazon workers contravene the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the United Nations (UN) defnition of decent work. It also found that the zero-hours contract, which is characteristic of the gig economy, and the negative externalities it creates, as well as extremely low wages, were among the most signifcant objections. These fndings are crucial for governments, international institutions and policymakers who are committed to social sustainability. It should be noted that it will be impossible to achieve social sustainability without raising labour standards. In particular, governments and institutions need to develop policies that are in favour of workers.
How Much Influence Do Political Factors Have on Environmental Degradation in MENA Countries? The Method of Moments Quantile Approach
(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2025) Çelik, Ali
Compared to economic and social factors, political factors play an important role in achieving environmental sustainability goals. Furthermore, an adequate understanding of the impact of political factors on environmental degradation can contribute positively to slowing the pace of climate change by guiding climate policy. This study examines the role of globalization, democracy, and political corruption on ecological footprint and material footprint based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the selected 15-Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries over the period between 2001 and 2021 employing advanced panel data analysis. The empirical findings suggest that (i) the EKC hypothesis is valid in MENA countries in terms of material footprint, that is, GDP has an inverted U-shaped relationship with material footprint (the turning point of the EKC is 83.173.522.697$), but ecological footprint increases monotonically with GDP based on random effects (RE) estimation results with robust standard errors. However, the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) estimation revealed that the EKC hypothesis is valid in terms of ecological footprint for lower quantiles; (ii) globalization increases the ecological and material footprints, that is, it threatens environmental sustainability; (iii) the development of democracy decreases the ecological and material footprints, that is, democracy contributes to environmental sustainability; (iv) the increase in political corruption boosts the ecological footprint and, as an interesting result, decreases the material footprint. To the end, the findings will provide a qualified contribution to the emergency action plans that need to be prepared for authorities, policymakers, and decision makers in the MENA countries to prevent climate change. Indeed, policies developed to prevent climate change should be multi-dimensional.
How effective are transport energy consumption, trade openness, and financial development in achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs)? What are the realities and myths for selected African countries?
(ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2025) Bajja, Salwa; Çelik, Ali; Fumey, Michael Provide
This research paper explores the nexus of urban development in some selected African economies, urban transport energy consumption, and their combined effects on environmental quality in four African countries. Using data from 1990 to 2021 on transport energy consumption and environmental quality with insights into urban policies, the research sheds light on the challenges and prospects within the region’s urbanization. The findings, by using the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) method, show that the relationship between openness to trade and CO2 emissions differs significantly between countries. In highly industrialized economies like South Africa, trade openness increases emissions because it is associated with the growth of carbon-intensive industries. Conversely, in lowly developed nations like Kenya, the link between trade openness and emissions is weak, implying that industrial composition is crucial in controlling the environmental impacts of trade. The findings for economic growth show varied outcomes, and trade openness depends on the countries involved. The empirical analysis also supports the first hypothesis, which indicates a statistically significant positive association between transport energy utilization and CO2 emissions. They highlight escalating energy demands in transportation and associated environmental impacts, underscoring the need for policy interventions to promote sustainable alternatives. This research provides essential insights for policymakers and urban planners, offering a nuanced understanding of the complex relationships between urban development and sustainable urban transport and their implications for energy consumption and environmental sustainability in Africa, thus emphasizing the urgency of adopting sustainable practices to effectively guide the region’s urbanization.
Conspicuous tastes online: Are gastronomic variety and symbolic status shaping local food choices?
(ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2025) Özkan Önem, Esra; Aydın, Sema; İnan, Ramazan
This inquiry elucidates the profound ramifications of conspicuous consumption upon local culinary selections, elucidating the mediating roles of gastronomic variety-seeking behaviors and perceived symbolic status. By conducting empirical research involving a substantial cohort of 390 participants, all aged 18 and above and possessing a habitual engagement in the digital sharing of gastronomic content, this study employs a quantitative methodology augmented by structural equation modeling to dissect the intricate interplay among consumption interests, image portrayal, and satisfaction derived from sharing experiences. The findings reveal a significant correlation between conspicuous consumption and preferences for local cuisines, underscoring that the pursuit of distinctive and culturally resonant dishes transcends mere nutritional sustenance, serving instead as vehicles for the dissemination of social prestige. Consequently, the research contributes to the burgeoning field of inquiry at the intersection of social media engagement and evolving gastronomic behaviors, proposing that regional culinary specialties may be strategically curated to optimize both consumer enjoyment and the perception of symbolic value. The study’s use of structural equation modeling (SEM) and a relatively large sample (N = 390) further enhances the methodological robustness of these findings. Such insights not only deepen the academic discourse but also invite practitioners to reconsider the marketing paradigms surrounding local foods in the contemporary digital milieu.
Effects of urbanization and international trade on economic growth, productivity, and employment: Case of selected countries in Africa
(CELL PRESS, 50 HAMPSHIRE ST, FLOOR 5, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139, 2024) Çelik, Ali; Bajja, Salwa; Radoine, Hassan; Chenal, Jerome; Bouyghrissi, Soufiane
The rapid urbanization taking place in Africa is resulting in the emergence of large urban agglomerations. Despite the potential and typical economic benefits associated with the emergence of such agglomerations elsewhere, not much can be said of Africa’s urbanization. With urbanization projections pointing to a continued increase, there is a need to understand the urbanization and economic dynamics relationship in order to exploit the full potential of this wave. Using a panel data set of urbanization rate, trade, economic growth, productivity and employment in six African countries for the period 1991–2019, we explore this relationship by adopting the crosssectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach using data from six African countries. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between urbanization, international trade, economic growth, productivity, and employment. they also show a causal relationship between the variables studied. In addition, the findings of this study reveal that international trade contributes, significantly, to improving the productivity in long run and the economic growth and employment increase the productivity in short run and employment in the selected African countries. This research study, therefore, contributes to the critical argument that African urbanization and international trade have significant economic potential and therefore need to be encouraged and managed effectively. This provides evidence for planners and policymakers to back policy geared toward sustainable urbanization and diversified international trade that will contribute to the structural transformation of African countries.
How Tourism Cultural Events Influence Multicultural Competence, Tourism Destination Image, and Visit Intentions: Evidence From the Pharaohs' Golden Parade
(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2024) Salem, Islam Elbayoumi; El-Said, Osman Ahmed; El Gamil, Rehab Ahmed Mohamed; Afifi, Mohamed Fawzi; Attallah, Nashwa Fouad
This study explores the impact of tourism cultural events on fostering multicultural competence and their effects on tourism destinations. Data were collected from viewers of the Pharaohs' Golden Parade broadcast on the Egyptian Tourism Promotion Authority's “Experience Egypt” YouTube channel. The data were analyzed using an inductive research approach, uncovering four distinctive themes: multicultural competence precursors, cultural tourism events' unique cultural and social elements, multicultural competence, and destination outcomes. Based on the study findings, a framework was proposed to depict the envisaged relationships between the four main themes. Practically, the study provides insights for destination marketing organizations on how viewers' impressions of cultural events on social media and official homepages could shape a destination's image and influence travel and word-of-mouth intentions.
Treatment of onion skin waste using dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma processing
(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2024) Şengüler, Berna; Kırkın, Celale; Dönmez, Hilal; Ünal, Senanur
Onion skin constitutes a major part of industrial food waste, and cold plasma technology can be employed in the treatment of onion skin. Onion skin waste was ground and exposed to dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma (DBDCP) at 40 kV for 10 or 20 min. Samples that were not DBDCP treated were used as the control. The changes in the color, microbial load, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of the onion skin waste upon treatment were evaluated. An increase in the b* and C* values of the onion skin powder (OSP) was obtained after the DBDCP treatment. The DBDCP process also decreased the total mesophilic aerobic bacteria and yeast– mold counts of the OSP by up to 0.92 and 0.97 log cfu/g (colony-forming units per gram), respectively. In addition, the TPC and antioxidant activity, as determined by 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, were increased for up to 59% and 28%, respectively, depending on the treatment time. In conclusion, the findings of the study show that using DBDCP processing in the treatment of onion skin waste can reduce microbial count while enhancing TPC and antioxidant activity.
Valorisation of cold plasma-treated onion skin waste in chocolate production
(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2024) Şengüler, Berna; Kırkın, Celale
Onion skin is generated in high amounts as food waste that is rich in bioactive components. Thus, the valorisation of onion skin waste in food production following suitable methods of treatment can be regarded as a sustainable strategy in terms of nutrition, economy, and environment. Skin waste from onions (Allium cepa) was ground and exposed to dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma (DBDCP) at 40 kV for either 0 or 30 min. Then the cold plasma-treated onion skin powder (OSP) was added to chocolate at a concentration of 0%, 1%, or 2% (w/w). The DBDCP-induced changes in the microbial load, colour, water content, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of OSP were assessed. The TPC, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties of the chocolate samples added with OSP were also monitored. Cold plasma treatment increased the TPC and antioxidant activity of OSP, but it did not affect the water content, colour, and microbial load. The antioxidant activity and TPC of the chocolate samples incorporated with DBDCP-treated OSP at a level of 2% were higher than the samples with or without untreated OSP. However, the samples with 2% DBDCP-treated OSP demonstrated lower overall acceptability scores compared to samples without OSP. It can be said that cold plasma can be utilised in the treatment of onion skin waste and valorisation of cold plasma-treated onion skin waste in the production of chocolate to improve its antioxidant properties. Future studies can focus on the enhancement of the sensory properties of onion skin-added chocolate products.
Shock persistency to material consumption, renewable and non-renewable energy resources? A (non)linear evidence from the highest carbon emitting countries
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND, 2024) Çelik, Ali; Alola, Andrew Adewale
With the need to provide more evidence on the possibility of reducing material resources utilization and dependency i.e., improving material resources efficiency, this study considers 10 countries with the largest cumulative emissions over centuries (Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, the UK, and the USA) by employing the linear and non-linear unit root tests with the Fourier function and dataset that covers centuries (1850–2021). Specifically, domestic material consumption was implemented for the period 1970-2019, and 1965-2021 for renewable and non-renewable energy resources. Given the linearity and non-linearity evidence, the investigation reveals whether there is persistent or transitory shock in domestic material consumption, renewable energy (REC), and non-renewable energy sources (REC). For (linearity) unit root test evidence, there are transitory shocks in domestic material consumption only in China, France, Indonesia, and Japan, for China, France, India, Japan, England, and the USA in REC, and in all the countries except Brazil, Canada, Germany, and Indonesia for the NREC series. On the ground of (non-linearity) unit root test, the result reveals that shocks to non-renewable energy consumption are temporary only for Canada, Japan, and the USA and the shocks to renewable energy and domestic material consumptions are permanent in all the examined countries. Indeed, the outcome of these findings offers important knowledge to decision makers on how to carefully develop and implement transitory and persistence policy choices.
Environmental degradation in emerging-market economies of Africa: evaluating impacts of human capital development, international trade, renewable energy consumption, and urbanization
(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE CH-1015, SWITZERLAND, 2024) Bajja, Salwa; El-Bouayady, Rachida; Çelik, Ali; Ahmed, Zahoor; Radoine, Hassan
This research explores the impact of human capital development, international trade, financial development, renewable energy consumption, and urbanization on environmental degradation in emerging-market economies in Africa. The study adopts a quantitative approach using panel data from 8 African countries between 1991 and 2021. The study adopted the method of Mean Group Dynamic Least Squares and Method of moments quantile regression methods to estimate the empirical relationship between the variables of interest. The findings indicate that urbanization, energy consumption, economic growth, and human capital development have significant and positive effects on environmental degradation, while financial development, renewable energy consumption, manufacturing activities, and international trade have a significant negative effect on environmental degradation. The study concludes that policymakers in emergingmarket economies in Africa need to promote financial development and renewable energy consumption while simultaneously addressing the negative impacts of urbanization on the environment to achieve sustainable economic growth.
Experimental Investigation of Velocity and Turbulence Variations in Inclined Jet in Cross-Flow
(GAZI UNIV, CENTER CAMPUS TECHNOLOGY FAC B BLOCK EK BINA, 2ND FL, ANKARA 06500, TURKEY, 2017) Koç, İbrahim
In this study, the changes of velocity and turbulence for an inclined jet in cross-flow are investigated experimentally. Cylindrical and rectangular hole geometries are used in the experiments. The blowing ratio is 1.75, and the injection angle with respect to the horizontal plane is 30o . The injection holes in the models are in a single row. The diameters of holes, which have a cylindrical cross section, are 8.5 mm. The rectangular cross section holes are 9 x 6.5 mm. The injection holes are inclined at 30o along the mainstream direction. The air is injected at 57 oC and its blowing ratio is 1.75. The results show that turbulence intensity changes with hole geometry. In this study, turbulence intensity is higher in the region close to the wall because of the jet impact. The penetrations of the cylindrical jets into the main flow are deeper than the penetrations of the rectangular jets, and turbulence intensities of the cylindrical jets are larger than the penetrations of the rectangular jets.
Human capital and manufacturing activities under environmentally-driven urbanization in the MENA region
(FRONTIERS MEDIA SAAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE CH-1015, SWITZERLAND, 2024) Bajja, Salwa; Radoine, Hassan; Çelik, Ali; Dakyaga, Francis; Damrah, Sadeq
Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region possesses immense capacity for renewable energy generation. Despite the potential, most countries in the region are yet to fully embrace renewable energy. Non-renewable sources still dominate their energy mix. This study examines the interplay between urbanization, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, and environmental quality in the six Middle Eastern and North African countries from 1990 to 2021, using the mean group (MG), the mean group dynamic least squares (DOLSMG), the common correlated effect (CCE), augmented mean group (AMG) and the cross-section augmented ARDL (CS–ARDL). Accounting for urbanization, and economic growth, the findings of DOLSMG indicate that while renewable energy and manufacturing activities significantly contribute to environmental quality, urbanization and human capital development significantly contributes to environmental degradation. The CS-ARDL short-term and long run estimation result showed that manufacturing activities significantly contribute to environmental quality, When examined by country, it was found that there is a unidirectional causal relationship from economic growth, manufacturing value added, urbanization, human capital development to dioxide emissions in Saudi Arabia. While there is a unidirectional causality from manufacturing value added to dioxide emissions in Jordan, and a unidirectional causality from urbanization to dioxide emissions in Tunisia.
Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Lactoperoxidase–Thiocyanate–Hydrogen Peroxide System in Reduced-Lactose Milk Whey
(HINDAWI LTD, ADAM HOUSE, 3RD FLR, 1 FITZROY SQ, LONDON W1T 5HF, ENGLAND, 2019) Al-Baarri, Ahmad Ni'matullah; Damayanti, Novia Tri; Legowo, Anang Mohamad; Tekiner, İsmail Hakkı; Hayakawa, Shigeru
The product of the lactoperoxidase system (LPOS) has been developed as a preservative agent to inhibit foodborne bacteria, but its action was, heretofore, limited to several original compounds in milk. This research was conducted to analyze the application of the lactoperoxidase system against Escherichia coli in fresh bovine milk and its derivative products to determine the strength of antibacterial activity. Lactoperoxidase was purified from bovine whey using the SP Sepharose Big Beads Column. The enzymatic reaction involving lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate, and hydrogen peroxide was used to generate the antibacterial agent from LPOS. This solution was then added to milk, skimmed milk, untreated whey, reduced-LPO whey, reduced-lactose whey, and high-lactose solution containing E. coli at an initial count of 6.0 log CFU/mL. LPOS showed the greatest reduction of bacteria (1.68 +/- 0.1 log CFU/mL) in the reduced-lactose whey among the products tested. This result may lead to a method for enhancement of the antimicrobial activity of LPOS in milk and derived products.

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