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    The effect of energy consumption on the environment in the OECD countries: economic policy uncertainty perspectives
    (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY, 2021) Zakari, Abdulrasheed; Adedoyin, Festus Fatai; Bekun, Festus Victor
    In this paper, we investigate the impact of energy use and economic policy uncertainties on the environment. To achieve this objective, we use the pooled mean group-autoregressive distributed lag methodology (PMG-ARDL) and Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test on 22 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries between 1985 and 2017. The PMG-ARDL estimation shows that energy use and economic policy uncertainties have a positive relationship with carbon dioxide emission (CO2) emission, while a negative relationship is confirmed between renewable and CO2 emissions in the long run. The short-run estimation shows a positive relationship between energy use, real gross domestic product, and per capita on CO2 emissions. The Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality results highlight a unidirectional running from real GDP and GDP per capita square to CO2 emissions. Furthermore, one-way causality exists between CO2 emissions to economic policy uncertainties. These results have policy implications on the macroeconomy which are discussed in detail in the concluding section.
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    Retraction note: The effect of energy consumption on the environment in the OECD countries: economic policy uncertainty perspectives (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, (2021), 28, 37, (52295-52305), 10.1007/s11356-021-14463-8)
    (Springer, 2024) Zakari, Abdulrasheed; Adedoyin, Festus Fatai; Bekun, Festus Victor
    The Publisher has retracted this article in agreement with the Editor-in-Chief. An investigation by the publisher found a number of articles, including this one, with a number of concerns, including but not limited to compromised peer review process, inappropriate or irrelevant references, containing nonstandard phrases or not being in scope of the journal. Based on the investigation's findings the publisher, in consultation with the Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article. The authors disagree with the retraction. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.