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    Flexural analysis of laminated composite and sandwich beams using a four-unknown shear and normal deformation theory
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2017) Vo, Thuc P.; Huu-Tai Thai; Trung-Kien Nguyen; Lanc, Domagoj; Karamanli, Armagan
    This paper presents flexural analysis of composite and sandwich beams using a quasi-3D theory, which considers simultaneously three effects such as normal and shear deformation as well as anisotropy coupling. The axial and transverse displacements are assumed to be cubic and parabolic variation through the beam depth. In order to solve problem, two-node C-1 beam elements with six degrees of freedom per node are developed. Numerical examples are carried out and the results are compared with those available in literature to validate the accuracy of the present theory. The effects of fibre angle, lay-up and span-to-height ratio on displacements and stresses are studied. Some new results, which can be useful for future references, are also given. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Size dependent bending analysis of two directional functionally graded microbeams via a quasi-3D theory and finite element method
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND, 2018) Karamanlı, Armağan; Vo, Thuc P.
    This paper presents the flexural behaviour of two directional functionally graded (2D-FG) microbeams subjected to uniformly distributed load with various boundary conditions. A four-unknown shear and normal deformation theory or quasi-3D one is employed based on the modified couple stress theory, Ritz method and finite element formulation. The material properties are assumed to vary through the thickness and longitudinal axis and follow the power-law distribution. Firstly, the static deformations of conventional FG microbeams are investigated to verify the developed finite element code. For the convergence studies, a simply supported FG microbeam is considered by employing various number of elements in the problem domain, aspect ratios, material length scale parameters and gradient indexes. The verification of the developed code is established and then extensive studies are performed for various boundary conditions. Secondly, since there is no reported data regarding to the analysis of 2D-FG microbeams, verification studies are performed for 2D-FG beams with different aspect ratios and gradient indexes. The effects of the normal and shear deformations as well as and material length scale parameters on the flexural behaviour of the 2D-FG microbeams are investigated. Finally, some new results for deflections of conventional FG and 2D-FG microbeams for various boundary conditions are introduced for the first time and can be used as reference for future studies.