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    The Effectiveness of Online EMDR 2.0 Group Protocol on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Individuals Who Have Experienced a Traffic Accident: A Preliminary Study
    (Springer Publishing Co, 2023) Yasar, Alisan Burak; Kavakci, Onder; Ciftci, Zeynep Zat; Tunca, Gorkem Alban; Uygun, Ersin; Gundogmus, Ibrahim; Kubilay, Derin
    Introduction: As an innovative procedure, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) 2.0, which is based on standard EMDR, draws attention with its promising results. The adaptation of EMDR 2.0 to groups will be a significant contribution to the psychology literature. Considering the effectiveness of EMDR 2.0 on individual applications, this is a preliminary study that aims to explore the role of EMDR 2.0 on groups by developing the EMDR 2.0 group protocol (EMDR 2.0 GP).Methods: In this pilot study, EMDR 2.0 GP is applied to a group of seven participants who had been exposed to a traffic incident. The role of EMDR 2.0 GP (three sessions; 3.5 hours in total) on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, anxiety, and stress was measured. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were used to assess these symptoms at pretreatment, one-week posttreatment, and one-month posttreatment.Results: The participants (mean age = 47.14 & PLUSMN; 9.65) with a traffic accident experience (mean of the time elapsed = 88.57 & PLUSMN; 38.24 months) received EMDR 2.0 GP. Results showed that the EMDR 2.0 group had significantly lower depression (x2 [2, n = 7] = 9.364, p = .009, Kendall's W = .668) and stress (x2 [2, n = 7] = 8.667, p = .013, Kendall's W = .619) on the subscales of DASS-21 and lower intrusions (x2 [2, n = 7] = 6.333, p = .042, Kendall's W = .452), avoidance (x2 [2, n = 7] = 7.280, p = .026, Kendall's W = .520), and hyperarousal (x2 [2, n = 7]) = 10.800, p = .005, Kendall's W = .771) at posttreatment.Conclusion: The pilot study of EMDR 2.0 GP indicated that this newly developed protocol that was first applied to the group may be effective in reducing depression, stress, and PTSD symptoms among a nonclinical sample. This pilot study supports future randomized controlled EMDR GP applications.
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    A Randomized-Controlled Trial of EMDR Flash Technique on Traumatic Symptoms, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Life of Quality With Individuals Who Have Experienced a Traffic Accident
    (FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE CH-1015, SWITZERLAND, 2022) Yaşar, Alişan Burak; Konuk, Emre; Kavakçı, Önder; Uygun, Ersin; Gündoğmuş, İbrahim; Taygar, Afra Selma; Uludağ, Esra
    The Flash Technique of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is widely recognized for its effectiveness in reducing the effects of emotional responses associated with traumatic memories. Using a randomized-controlled trial methodology, this study attempts to establish the efficacy of the EMDR Flash Technique. This study’s sample includes volunteers who were involved in traffic accidents and were given the randomized EMDR Flash Technique and Improving Mental Health Training for Primary Care Residents (mhGAP) Stress management module. The participants were given a socio-demographic data form, the Depression-AnxietyStress 21 scale (DASS-21), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the WHOQOL Quality of Life scale. Participants were evaluated using measurements taken before and after the application, as well as a one-month follow-up. The mean age of the participants was 36.20 (11.41) years and 82.1% (n=32) were female. The DASS-21 Anxiety (?2=0.085), IES-R Intrusion (?2=0.101), Avoidance (?2=0.124), Total (?2=0.147), and WHOQOL-BREF Psychological (?2=0.106) score improvements of the EMDR Flash Technique group were shown to be statistically significant when compared to the mhGAP group. However, no statistically significant difference in the DASS-21 Depression, Stress, Impact of Event ScaleRevised Hyperarousal WHOQOL-BREF General Health, Physical, Social Relationships, and Environment component scores was reported between the two groups. The present study’s findings clearly demonstrate that the EMDR Flash technique, when applied to persons involved in traffic accidents, is successful in improving anxiety, intrusion, avoidance, total traumatic stress, and mental quality of life symptoms for at least 1month. We believe that these findings will improve the reliability and applicability of the EMDR Flash Technique, which was tested for the first time in a clinical randomized-controlled trial (RCT).
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    The effectiveness of online Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing 2.0 Group Protocol on post-traumatic stress disorders symptoms, depression, anxiety, and stress in individuals who have experienced a traffic accident: a randomized-controlled study
    (FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE CH-1015, SWITZERLAND, 2025) Yaşar, Alişan Burak; Gündoğmuş, İbrahim; Kubilay, Derin; Tunca, Görkem Alban; Uygun, Ersin; Çiftci, Zeynep Zat; Kavakçı, Önder
    Introduction: EMDR 2.0, an innovative approach rooted in the conventional Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), has garnered attention due to its promising outcomes. The application of EMDR, whether it is EMDR or EMDR 2.0 protocol, in a group format, especially for conditions like PostTraumatic Stress Disorder, will provide significant opportunities in terms of economic feasibility and accessibility, ultimately leading to widespread use. Building on the established effectiveness of EMDR 2.0 in individual applications, this study examines its impact in group settings. This protocol is designed to provide a structured framework for implementing EMDR 2.0 within group contexts, paving the way for a nuanced understanding of its potential benefits in collective therapeutic settings. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of the online EMDR 2.0 Group Protocol(EMDR 2.0 GP) versus Improving Mental Health Training for Primary Care Residents(mhGAP) on individuals with a history of traffic accidents in a controlled way. Methods: In this randomized-controlled study sample includes volunteers who were involved in traffic accidents and were given the randomized online EMDR 2.0 GP and mhGAP Stress management module. The participants were given a sociodemographic data form, Depression Anxiety Stress 21 scale (DASS-21) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Participants were evaluated with measurements before, after and “one month after the application. Results: The mean age of the participants was 34.80(8.10) years and 88.0% (n=22) were female. The change in DASS-21 Anxiety (h2 =0.136), Stress (h2 =0.140), IES-R Avoidance (h2 =0.134), Hyperarousal (h2 =0.0148), Total (h2 =0.223) scores of online EMDR 2.0 GP was determined to be statistically significant compared to the mhGAP group. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in DASS-21 Depression (h2 =0.017), IES-R Intrusion (h2 =0.094), scores between the two groups. Discussion: The RCT of online EMDR 2.0 GP indicated that this newly developed protocol, when applied to groups, may be effective in reducing anxiety, stress, and traumatic symptoms among a non-clinical sample. Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/, identifier NCT05596903.