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    Comparison of Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Real-Time PCR Methods for Diagnosis of Listeriosis in Ruminants with Encephalitis
    (Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2022) Hatipoğlu, Fatih; Terzi, Funda; Özdemir, Özgür; Ortatatlı, Mustafa; Çiftçi, Mustafa Kemal; Ateş, Mehmet Burak
    Encephalitic listeriosis is the most significant purulent encephalitis in ruminants and is a very common endemic problem in sheep, cattle, and goats. In this study, it was aimed to compare the presence of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes revealed by immunohistochemical (IHC) and Real-Time PCR methods with histopathological findings obtained from the archive materials. The study material consisted of pons and medulla oblongata paraffin tissue of 100 ruminants (9 cattle, 4 calves, 44 sheep, 38 lambs, and 5 goats). Positivity was obtained by the IHC method in 46 (46%) and by the Real-Time PCR method in 21 (21%) of 100 cases. In the L. monocytogenesis antigen IHC scoring, more severe staining was observed in sheep and goats (P>0.05). In the IHC positive cases, microabscess was more severe in sheep and goats than in cattle and lambs (P<0.05). In addition, 19 patients had Coenurus cerebralis cysts, and 3 of them were found to be positive for the IHC agent of Listeria. It was concluded that IHC and PCR methods can be used to detect L. monocytogenes from paraffin blocks, but the IHC method is a more effective method than PCR in revealing the presence of antigen from paraffin blocks stored for many years.
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    Protective efect of silymarin on tacrolimus-induced kidney and liver toxicity
    (BMC, CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, 2022) Terzi, Funda; Çiftçi, Mustafa Kemal
    Background: Tacrolimus (FK506) is an immunosuppressive agent and has toxic side efects such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. In our study, we aimed to investigate the protective efect of silymarin on renal and hepatic toxicity considered to be tacrolimus related. Methods: In this 6-week experimental study, 46 eight-week-old healthy male rats were used. The groups comprised the Control (healthy rats, n=6), Tac (tacrolimus 1 mg/kg, n=8), silymarin 100 mg/kg (SLI 100 mg/kg n=8), Tac+SLI 100 (tacrolimus 1 mg/kg+SLI 100 n=8), SLI 200 (SLI 200 mg/kg n=8), and Tac+SLI 200 (tacrolimus 1 mg/kg+SLI 200 mg/kg n=8). After 6 weeks, all rats were sacrifced, and the tissue follow-up procedure was performed for kidney and liver tissues, histopathology, and in situ TUNEL analysis. Blood samples were analyzed for the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), albumin, total bilirubin, creatine. Results: Histopathological fndings of kidney and liver tissue of rats were determined to increase statistically in Tac group compared to SLI 1 00 and SLI 200 groups (P<0.05). In addition, the Tac+SLI 100 and Tac+SLI 200 groups were found to be statistically similar to the Control group (P>0.05). The in situ TUNEL method showed that the tacrolimus increased apoptosis while the silymarin decreased it. TOC levels increased statistically in Tac groups compared to silymarin-treated groups (P<0.05). Although the TAC level was not statistically signifcant among the experimental groups (P>0.05), the lowest was measured in the Tac group. The ALT, AST, GGT, total bilirubin, and creatine values were higher in the Tac group than in the silymarin groups (P<0.05). There was no statistically signifcant diference between the groups with regard to the albumin level (P>0.05). Conclusion: In our study, we determined that tacrolimus caused damage to kidney and liver tissue. Histopathological, biochemical and apoptotic fndings show that silymarin has a protective efect against nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity caused by tacrolimus.