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    A New Energy Efficient Multitier Deterministic Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
    (MDPI, ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND, 2020) Koyuncu, Hakan; Tomar, Geetam S.; Sharma, Dinesh
    Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) may be incorporated with thousands of small nodes. This gives them the capability to effectively sense, communicate, and compute parameters. However, the security and life span of a WSN node is a primary concern. This paper is focused on introducing a mathematical model of a modified Multitier Deterministic Energy-Efficient Clustering (DEC) based on novel election multi-tier random probability protocol for agricultural WSNs to enhance the life span of a WSN node along with a comparison of it with existing DEC protocol. In the proposed model, the selection of cluster heads, (CH), is done based on the energy drain pattern and location of the sensor nodes, which increased the lifespan of sensor nodes. In addition, several WSN probabilistic routing protocols to save energy throughout data transmissions like Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS), DEC, and Stable Election Protocol (SEP) are explained. Moreover, it has been found that, after some mathematical modification in existing DEC routing, it will be capable to give a more positive result and reduce the energy drain in WSN nodes using a selective cluster head technique based on residual energy of sensor nodes. The DEC protocol is also compared with our proposed modified protocol for showing the energy-efficiency. The energy efficiency of clustering is associated with the field of energy sustainability of wireless sensor networks which is in the scope of Symmetry journal.