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    The global burden of overweight-obesity and its association with economic status, benefiting from STEPs survey of WHO member states: A meta-analysis
    (ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2024) Islam, A. N. M. Shamsul; Sultana, Hafıza; Refat, Md. Nazmul Hassan; Farhana, Zaki; Abdulbasah Kamil, Anton; Rahman, Mohammad Meshbahur
    Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) 2030 agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs target 3.4) identifies non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as a key challenge for sustainable development. As one of the major NCD risks, here, we estimated the prevalence of overweight/obesity in adults and assessed countryeconomic variations using meta-analysis. Methods: The latest STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS) report of WHO member states studied on overweight/obesity from 2000 to 2020 were reviewed and related data were assessed further. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was pooled using the random effects model. The subgroup analysis and metaregression were performed based on countries’ economic status obtained from the World Bank’s country development index 2019. Study heterogeneity and publication bias were also observed. Results: Out of 73 studies with 469,766 participants analyzed, the highest overweight/obesity prevalence was found in American Samoa (93.5 %), while Democratic People’s Republic of Korea had the lowest prevalence (4.4 %). The overall weighted pooled prevalence of overweight/obesity regardless of countries economic status was 37.0 % [95 % CI: 33 %-42 %]. There was significant heterogeneity in the prevalence of overweight/obesity (I2 = 99.91 %; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed a higher prevalence in high-income countries [60 %; 95 % CI: 47 %-72 %]. Meta-regression revealed a significant (p = 0.001) association and a 14 % increase chance of having overweight/obesity with increasing economic status. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight/obesity is high worldwide, especially in high-income countries that demands a large-scale awareness campaigns and effective initiatives to control overweight/obesity and the associated risk factors of adults of these countries.
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    Urgent Call to Ensure Clean Air in South Asia - A Growing But Neglected Public Health Emergency
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2024) Kundu, Shuvojit Kumar; Farhana, Zaki; Kamil, Anton Abdulbasah; Rahman, Mohammad Meshbahur
    [Abstract Not Available]