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    Neurogenesis in the Adult Mammalian Brain
    (İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Yayınları / Istanbul Gelisim University Press, 2017-09-05) Bekiari, Chryssa; Mutuş, Rıfat; Papadopoulos, Georgios C.
    It is currently accepted that two regions of the adult mammalian brain continue to generate new neurons throughout life. The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles gives rise to new neurons that migrate to the olfactory bulb to become new interneurons, and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) generates new granule cells. Newborn neurons have distinct morphological and functional properties that contribute to certain brain functions which distinguishes them from the surrounding older neurons. Persistent neurogenesis in the adult brain occurs in many mammalian species, presenting certain species-specific differentiations. Differences in the rate of adult hippocampal neurogenesis are also observed along the hippocampal septo-temporal axis.The present review aims a. to present the features of the multistep adult neurogenesis process in the SVZ and SGZ, b. to identify the unique characteristics of these two neurogenic regions of the adult mammalian brain, and c. to comparatively evaluate existing knowledge on neurogenesis similarities and differences among evolutionary different mammalian species, trying to relate brain structure and function with perpetual plasticity. Adult neurogenesis is a dynamic and complex process that promotes brain’s plasticity under normal and pathological conditions. The comparative study of adult neurogenesis in mammalian species with phylogenetic proximity to humans, strengthens our knowledge in the field and creates unique opportunities for future novel therapeutics.