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    Harmonizing eco-friendly transport system: A blueprint for addressing energy consumption and environmental impact in Benin
    (ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2025) Bajja, Salwa; Çelik, Ali; Fumey, Michael Provide; Padonou, Vodoungnon Anignikin
    This study uses economic and ecological parameters to examine the trends in energy consumption and environmental degradation in Benin’s transport sector. With growing economic growth, Benin is confronted with increased greenhouse gas emissions and pollution from road transport. The study thus assesses the nexus between CO2 emissions, energy use, industry, and economic growth in Benin’s transport context using data from 1990 to 2020. Using econometric models such as the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test and Maki’s cointegration test, the study was based on significant long-run interactions between those variables. It also established energy consumption and industrial expansion as substantial contributors to CO2. The study findings, therefore, established that these emissions were directly proportional to the rise in the GDP. The results also showed that infrastructure and capital investment could contribute to lower levels of these emissions over time. The following specific policy framework will balance economic development with environmental protection by encouraging green investment, efficient use of energy, and renewable energy. Emphasis on electric vehicles, improved public transport, and urban planning can align Benin with sustainability goals. Similarly, the principles of sustainable development applicable to Benin’s transport sector include the ‘polluter pays’ principle, intergenerational equity, and the adoption of clean technologies. Measures include mandatory emissions testing for vehicles, investment in e-mobility infrastructure, and integrating lifecycle analysis in transport project planning. Thus, this work contributes to an informed level of sustainable urban planning and provides the policy framework within which energy challenges are responded to in the context of economic growth.