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    Carbon dioxide-assisted Torrefaction of Maize Cobs by Thermogravimetry: Product Yield and Energy Recovery Potentials
    (VASYL STEFANYK PRECARPATHIAN NATL UNIV, VUL SHEVCHENKA 57, IVANO-FRANKIVSK 76018, UKRAINE, 2022) Nyakuma, Bemgba Bevan; Ajibade, Samuel-Soma M.; Adebayo, Victor B.; Alkali, Habib; Otitolaiye, Victor Olabode; Audu, Jemilatu Omuwa; Bashir, Faizah Mohammed; Dodo, Yakubu Aminu; Mahmoud, Abubakar Sadiq; Oladokun, Olagoke
    The objective of this study is to examine the potential product yields and energy recovery of maize cobs (MC) through carbon dioxide-assisted torrefaction using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The CO2-assisted torrefaction of MC was performed from 240 °C to 300 °C (? 30 °C) for the residence time of 30 minutes based on the selected non-isothermal/isothermal heating programme of the TGA. Furthermore, the physicochemical, microstructure and mineral characteristics of MC were examined. The results showed that the CO2-torrefaction of MC resulted in mass loss (ML) ranging from 18.45% to 55.17%, which resulted in the mass yield (MY) ranging from 81.55% to 44.83%. The HHV of the solid product was in the range from 22.55 MJ/kg to 26 MJ/kg, which indicates the CO2-torrefaction process enhanced the energy content of MC by 40% – 60%. In conclusion, the findings showed that the CO2 torrefaction is a practical, sustainable, and cost-effective approach for the valorisation of MC into a clean solid biofuel for enhanced energy recovery.
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    Sensitivity Analysis and Parametric Optimization of Hydrogen Production from Afuze Coal through Air-Steam Gasification
    (Slovnaft VURUP a.s, 2021) Nyakuma, Bemgba B.; Oladokun, Olagoke; Jagun, Zainab T.; El-nafaty, Abbas S.; Ambugadu, Amadu M.; Bashir, Faizah M.; Dodo, Yakubu A.
    Coal is a carbon-rich sedimentary rock and fossil fuel that accounts for over 60% of all economically recoverable primary sources of energy on earth. The burning of coal emits ?40% of the entire energy-related atmospheric greenhouse gases, which poses risks to human health, safety, and the environment. Given this scenario, there are growing concerns about the long term sustainability of the industry vis-à-vis its effects on global warming and climate change. However, clean technologies such as gasification with carbon dioxide capture could be the panacea to the challenges of coal-fired electricity generation. Therefore, this study investigates the hydrogen (H2) and syngas potential of Afuze (AFZ) coal earmarked for electricity generation in Nigeria. Consequently, the mathematical simulation, sensitivity analysis, and optimization of AFZ were performed under air-steam gasification conditions using ASPEN Plus. Results revealed that AFZ gasification from 200°C to 1600°C and the feed rate of 1000 kg/h yields H2, CO, CO2 and CH4. The optimal conditions for H2 and syngas were observed at 950°C, ER = 0.31 and SC = 2.0 at the optimal gas compositions of H2 (48 mol.%), CO (11 mol.%), CO2 (11 mol.%) and CH4 (0 mol.%). Furthermore, temperature (T), equivalence ratio (ER), steam to carbon (SC) ratio greatly influenced AFZ gasification, whereas pressure did not impact the process. In conclusion, bench-scale or demonstration gasifier tests are required in future AFZ gasification studies to comprehensively investigate its energy recovery and electricity generation potentials. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.