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Öğe Assessment of hydration status of elite young male soccer players with different methods and new approach method of substitute urine strip(BioMedCentral, 2016-09-02) Ersoy, Nesli; Ersoy, Gülgün; Kutlu, MehmetBackground: The purpose of the study is to determine and compare the hydration status with different methods and determine fluid intake, dehydration percentages and sweat rate of 26 young male soccer players (15 ± 1.2 years) before an important competition. More specifically, the study aims at validating the urine strip and advising the players to use it as an easy and practical method. Methods: Measurements of urine analysis were taken from the urine sample of the participants before breakfast and conducted for 3 consecutive days before the competition. Hydration status was assessed through analysis of urine color, urine specific gravity (USG) (laboratory, strip, refractometry), and osmolality. The players’ dehydration percentages and sweat ratio were calculated. Results: The average values for all samples were 3 ± 1 for color, and 1.021 ± 4 g/cm3 for USG (laboratory), and 1.021 ± 3 g/cm3 for USG (strip), and 1.021 ± 4 for USG (refractometry), and 903 ± 133 mOsm/kg for osmolality. USG (strip) was highly correlated with USG (laboratory), USG (refractometry) (r = 0.8; P < 0.01) and osmolality (r = 0.7; P < 0.01), and moderately correlated with urine color (r = 0.4; P < 0.05). The mean dehydration percentage and sweat rate of the soccer players were observed as 0.5 % and 582.3 ± 232.0 mL/h, respectively. Conclusion: We found that youth soccer players are under a slight risk of dehydration under moderate weather conditions. As indicated by the research results, determination of hydration status of athletes must be taken into account more carefully under moderate and hot weather conditions. In addition, hydration methods were compatible with one another as measured in this study.Öğe Comparison of a New Test For Agility and Skill in Soccer With Other Agility Tests(Committee for Rehabilitation, Physical Education and Social Integration of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2012-06-01) Kutlu, Mehmet; Yapıcı, Hakan; Yoncalık, Oğuzhan; Çelik, SerkanThe purpose of this study was both to develop a novel test to measure run, shuttle run and directional change agility, and soccer shots on goal with decision making and to compare it with other agility tests. Multiple comparisons and assessments were conducted, including test-retest, Illinois, Zig-Zag, 30 m, Bosco, T-drill agility, and Wingate peak power tests. A total of 113 Turkish amateur and professional soccer players and tertiary-level students participated in the study. Test-retest and inter-tester reliability testing measures were conducted with athletes. The correlation coefficient of the new test was .88, with no significant difference (p> 0.01> 0.01) between the test results obtained in the first and second test sessions. The results of an analysis of variance revealed a significant (p < 0.01) difference between the T-drill agility and power test results for soccer players. The new agility and skill test is an acceptable and reliable test when considering test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability. The findings in this study suggest that the novel soccer-specific agility and shooting test can be utilized in the testing and identification of soccer players’ talents.Öğe The Comparison of Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Junior Elite Wrestlers(Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, 2012-08-01) Demirkan, Erkan; Ünver, Rafet; Kutlu, Mehmet; Koz, MitatThe purpose of this study to determine physical and physiological differences between selected and nonelected wrestlers to the national team. Forty eight elite junior wrestlers, (18-20 ages) who invited in Greco- roman national team camp, participated in this study. In order to determinate wrestlers’ height, body weight and body composition was determined by using bioelectrical impedance. Wingate Anaerobic power test (WAnT) was used to determinate anaerobic performance. Hand grip and back – leg strength were determined using hand and back – leg dynamometers. İllinois agility test was used to determine agility feature. According to the results of independent t- test analysis, between the selected and unselected wrestlers to the national team, training experience, leg average power ( W ), average arm power ( W/kg ), back strength and agility level statistically significant differences were found . As a conclusion, taking the sport of wrestling in national team it can be said that to be factors training experience, anaerobic performance, strength and agilityÖğe The Comparison of Some Physical and Physiological Features of Elite Youth National and Amateur Badminton Players(Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, 2012) Güçlüöver, Aziz; Demirkan, Erkan; Kutlu, Mehmet; Ciğerci, Ali Erdem; Esen, Hüseyin TolgaThe aim of this study was to compare some physical and physiological features of elite and amateur badminton players. The sample of the study were totally 31 Turkish badminton players in 2010-2011 season; consisting of Youth National male players (n=16, age: 16.8±1.5) and amateur level male players (n=15, age: 16.3±0.8) from Sport High School. After the body composition of players were determined, agility test, sit and reach test, multiple reaction test, hand grip strength test and wingate anaerobic power test were applied to them. “Independent T-test” was applied for comparisons among independent groups. After statistical analyses, it was determined that elite players had higher values in height (cm), agility (second), right hand grip strength (kg) (p<0.05) than amateur players. As a result, it was seen that the elite and amateur level badminton affected the height, agility, hand grip strength and body composition (lower body fat percentage and higher fat free mass) of players positively.Öğe Effects of Hydration Changes on Body Composition of Wrestlers(Kowsar Medical, 2014) Demirkan, Erkan; Kutlu, Mehmet; Koz, Mitat; Özal, Mehmet; Güçlüöver, Aziz; Favre, MikeThe aim of this study was to determine effects of hydration changes on bioelectrical impedance in wrestlers. One hundred fourteen wrestlers aged 15-17 yr were recruited. The wrestlers’ body composition analysis was determined using the methods of bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and skinfold (SK). Urine specific gravity (Usg) method was used for determining the level of body hydration. According to different hydration status no significant difference was found in the comparison of body composition as determined by BIA (P>0.05). There was a significant difference between the two methods used for the assessment of body fat percentage (BIA %10.4±4.8; SKF % 9.0±5.6) (P<0.05). We may suggest that body hydration fluctuations or dehydration relatively may affect to assess body composition assessment via BIA. This observation may appear to not be appropriate the BIA to determine body composition of wrestlers during dehydration position.Öğe Elit Güreşçilerde Vücut Kompozisyonu ve Hidrasyon Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2012) Demirkan, Erkan; Kutlu, Mehmet; Koz, Mitat; Ünver, Rafet; Bulut, ElçinBu çalışmanın amacı, şampiyona öncesi bir kamp periyodu süresince, elit güreşçilerin vücut kompozisyonu, hidrasyon düzeyi değişimlerini ve kilo kaybı dalgalanmalarını incelemektir. Çalışmaya, büyükler milli takım kampına davet edilen elit düzey serbest ve grekoromen güreşçiler (N=52) katılmıştır. Güreşçilerin vücut kompozisyonu analizi bioelektrik impedans yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Hidrasyon düzeyleri ise alınan idrar örneklerinden refraktometre aleti ile belirlenmiştir. Yapılan tüm ölçümler kamp öncesi ve sonrası olmak üzere iki defa yapılmıştır. Yapılan istatistiki analiz sonucunda, güreşçilerin kamp öncesi ve sonrası vücut ağırlığında anlamlı düzeyde farklılık bulunduğu (P0.05). Bununla birlikte, milli takıma seçilen güreşçilerin yarışma sıklet ağırlıkları ile müsabaka tartısı dört gün önceki vücut ağırlıkları arasında anlamlı düzeyde farklılık bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir (P<0.05). Güreşçilerin sıklet ayarlamasını müsabaka tartısına yakın bir dönemde gerçekleştirdikleri söylenebilir. Ayrıca, milli takıma seçilen güreşçilerin seçilemeyen güreşçilere göre yaş ve spor yaşının büyük olması, spor deneyiminin spor başarısında önemli bir faktör olduğunu göstermektedir.Öğe Motion Capture Technology in Sports Science: 3D Virtual Sports Platform with Kinect(Turkish Sports Medicine Association, 2017-11-29) Yükseltürk, Erman; Erbay, Hasan; Kutlu, MehmetRegular sports activity is considered to be beneficial for life quality and health. On the other hand, regular sporting opportunities are not widespread, especially in developing countries. It may be possible to provide an alternative solution for physical activity in the control of a virtual instructor, without being physically in the same place, thanks to the facilities provided by technologies such as Internet and Kinect. In this respect, the three dimensional virtual sports platform Kinect was designed and developed. The different features of the platform are described, and the advantages of new technology achievement and possibilities of alternative sports practice are given.Öğe Physical Fitness Differences between Freestyle and Greco-Roman Junior Wrestlers(Committee for Rehabilitation, Physical Education and Social Integration of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2014-06-01) Demirkan, Erkan; Kutlu, Mehmet; Koz, Mitat; Özal, Mehmet; Favre, MikeThe aim of the present study was to examine physical fitness differences between Freestyle and Greco-Roman junior wrestlers. One hundred twenty-six junior wrestlers, comprising 70 Freestyle and 56 Greco-Roman wrestlers, participated in this study. The somatic and physical fitness profile included body mass, body height, body mass index, body composition, flexibility, maximal anaerobic power of the legs and arms, aerobic endurance, hand grip strength, leg and back strength, and speed. No significant differences were found in the anthropometric and physical features between Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. The Greco-Roman wrestlers had a significantly higher level of relative leg power, peak arm power, relative peak arm power, and relative average arm power than Freestyle wrestlers (p < 0.05). Greco-Roman wrestlers were significantly faster, had better agility, and had a greater level of leg strength than Freestyle wrestlers, but Freestyle wrestlers were more flexible than Greco-Roman wrestlers (p < 0.05). Discriminant function analysis indicated that peak arm power, agility, speed, and flexibility were selective factors for the differences between Freestyle and Greco–Roman wrestlers. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the differences between these wrestling styles promote physical fitness differences in elite wrestlers. The results reflect specific features of each wrestling style.Öğe Reliability and Validity of a New Test of Agility and Skill for Female Amateur Soccer Players(Committee for Rehabilitation, Physical Education and Social Integration of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2017-03-12) Kutlu, Mehmet; Yapıcı, Hakan; Yılmaz, AbdullahThe aim of this study was to evaluate the Agility and Skill Test, which had been recently developed to assess agility and skill in female athletes. Following a 10 min warm-up, two trials to test the reliability and validity of the test were conducted one week apart. Measurements were collected to compare soccer players’ physical performance in a 20 m sprint, a T-Drill test, the Illinois Agility Run Test, change-of-direction and acceleration, as well as agility and skill. All tests were completed following the same order. Thirty-four amateur female soccer players were recruited (age = 20.8 ± 1.9 years; body height = 166 ± 6.9 cm; body mass = 55.5 ± 5.8 kg). To determine the reliability and usefulness of these tests, paired sample t-tests, intra-class correlation coefficients, typical error, coefficient of variation, and differences between the typical error and smallest worthwhile change statistics were computed. Test results showed no significant differences between the two sessions (p > 0.01). There were higher intra-class correlations between the test and retest values (r = 0.94–0.99) for all tests. Typical error values were below the smallest worthwhile change, indicating ‘good’ usefulness for these tests. A near perfect Pearson correlation between the Agility and Skill Test (r = 0.98) was found, and there were moderate-to-large levels of correlation between the Agility and Skill Test and other measures (r = 0.37 to r = 0.56). The results of this study suggest that the Agility and Skill Test is a reliable and valid test for female soccer players and has significant value for assessing the integrative agility and skill capability of soccer players.Öğe Reliability and Validity of New Tests on Agility and Skill for Children Soccer Players(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, 2014) Kutlu, Mehmet; Yapıcı, Hakan; Demirkan, Erkan; Yılmaz, AbdullahRecently developed the agility and skill tests (AS) were reevaluated to assess the children’s agility together with the soccer shoots to ball for goal. Children (male) soccer players (N = 68) (age = 11.6 ±0.5 yrs; height = 147 ±6.6 cm; weight = 35.5 ±5.6 kg) participated in this study. Test-retest and comparisons, including 20 m Sprint, Long Jump, T-Drill Test, AS (with ball), AS (goal success) and Zigzag Tests were used to assess the children’s sprinting, jump power, and agility with shooting ball. All handled test results showed that there were significant differences between the test-retest sessions (p < 0.01) except for the 20 m Sprint. There were a near perfect correlations between test and retest values (r = 0.90–0.99). A higher level of correlation between the AS tests (goal success, with ball) (r = 0.99) was found. There were very high levels of correlations between the AS (goal success and with ball) tests and Zigzag tests (r = 0.71, r = 0.70 respectively). These results suggest that the AS tests are reliable and valid agility and skill tests for children players. Because the AS tests have unique values and are composed of soccer specific agility and active shooting skills, they are very important in identifying the talent and ability of children.Öğe Sporcularda Dehidrasyonun Performans Üzerine Etkileri ve Vücut Hidrasyon Düzeyinin İzlenmesi(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2010-09-06) Demirkan, Erkan; Koz, Mitat; Kutlu, MehmetDehidrasyon, sporcularda sadece atletik performansı düşürmekle kalmaz bununla birlikte ciddi derecede sağlık sorunlarına hatta ölümlere bile yol açabilmektedir. Özellikle uzun süreli dayanıklılık gerektiren yarışma ve antrenman ortamlarında sporcuların hidrasyon düzeyinin takip edilmesi ve uygun hidrasyon düzeyinin sağlanması performansın maksimum düzeye çıkarılmasında önem oluşturmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında, yapılan araştırmalar doğrultusunda, sıvı kaybının performans üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri ve hidrasyon düzeyinin tespit edilmesine yönelik olarak kullanımı kolay, pratik ve aynı zamanda güvenilir yöntemler hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Vücut hidrasyon düzeyinin belirlenmesine yönelik çok sayıda yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Hidrasyon düzeyinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan mükemmel bir yöntem olmamasına rağmen vücut ağırlık değişimleri, bazı kan değerleri, idrar parametreleri sıklıkla kullanılan yöntemler arasındadır. Vücut ağırlığı değişimi ve idrar testleri, kullanımı kolay ve girişimsel olmayan (nonivasive) yöntemler olması sebebiyle spor ortamlarında akut ve kronik hidrasyon düzeyinin belirlenmesinde daha yaygın olarak kullanılabilecek yöntemler olarak önerilmektedir.Öğe Vücut Hidrasyon Durumunun Belirlenmesinde Farklı Dört İdrar Ölçüm Yönteminin Karşılaştırılması(Türkiye Klinikleri, 2010-03-26) Demirkan, Erkan; Kutlu, Mehmet; Aktuna, Zuha; Koz, MitatAmaç: Dehidrasyon durumunun hızlı, güvenli ve pratik yollarla belirlenmesi ve takip edilmesi sportif performans açısından önemlidir. Antrenman ve yarışmalarda vücut hidrasyon düzeyindeki değişimler performansı olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, hidrasyon düzeyinin belirlenmesine yönelik olarak kullanılan dört farklı idrar ölçüm yönteminin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, 2006 yıldızlar Avrupa şampiyonası hazırlık kampına katılan 32 elit güreşçi (15-17 yaş) üzerinde yapılmıştır. Tüm sporculardan kamp öncesi ve kamp sonu idrar örnekleri toplandı. Toplanan idrar örnekleri ile Urine Spesifik Gravite (Usg), osmolalite, iletkenlik, ve renk analizleri yapıldı. Parametrelerin karşılaştırılmasında Paired T test kullanıldı. Ayrıca parametreler arası korelasyon düzeyinin tespiti için Pearson Two Tailed korelasyon testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: İdrar osmolalite (kamp öncesi: 850 ± 200 mOsm/kg, kamp sonrası: 960 ± 173 mOsm/kg) değerlerinde kamp öncesi ve sonrası değerleri arasında anlamlı düzeyde yükselme tespit edilmiştir (P < 0.05). Diğer parametrelerde anlamlı düzeyde yükselme tespit edilmemiştir (P > 0.05). Yapılan analizler sonucunda sporcularda kronik dehidrasyon bulgusu ortaya çıktı. Ortalama değerler Usg 1.024 ± 0.01 g/cm³, osmolalite 905± 187 mOsm/kg, iletkenlik 21± 4.7 mS.cm¯¹ ve renk 4± 0.8 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, dört farklı yöntem (Usg, osmolalite, iletkenlik, ve renk) arasında yüksek derecede korelasyon tespit edildi (P< 0,01). Sonuç: Sporcularda vücut hidrasyon düzeyinin belirlenmesine yönelik olarak, urine spesifik gravite, osmolalite, iletkenlik ve idrar renk skalası yönteminin saha çalışmalarında birbiri yerine güvenli bir şekilde kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.
