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Öğe 18 Age Period’s Effect on Balance, Agility, Reaction Time and Movement Speed on the Hearing Impaired People(International Digital Organization for Scientific Information, 2016) Atar, Özdemir; Tetik, Sibel; Koç, Mustafa Can; Koç, HürmüzIn this study the comparison of the hearing impaired youth’s, who are under and over 18 years old, agility, balance, reaction time and movement speed were done and 18 age period’s effect on these parameters was researched. There were 33 under 18 and 23 over 18, totally 56 hearing impaired male participated to the study voluntarily. Volunteers’ motoric characteristics such as; body weight, balance, agility, reaction time and movement speed were measured. In the determination of volunteers age identity information was taken into consideration, their heights were measured in terms of cm and weights were measured in terms of kg. For the measuring of the volunteers static balance performance the stork stand test, for the agility’s measurement the t test, for the reaction time and movement speed the Nelson Reaction Time Scale were used. Measurements were recorded at the best degree by three times repeating. In the determination of the difference between groups in the independent groups the t test was applied and the continuity level was accepted as p<0.05. In the result of study it was determined that there was not a meaningful difference found in the body height, body weight, balance and agility performance between groups (p>0.05), in the hand, foot reaction time and movement speed values differences were determined meaningful for the people who are under 18 (pz<0.01). Consequently, when the acquired findings were considered, it was seen that static balance and agility performances of the hearing impaired individuals were not depending on age and the reaction time and movement speed were depending on age factor. In results of these findings, it is thought that on the hearing impaired individuals depending on age’s increasing the reaction time and hand-eye coordination develop. Again, there should be plenty of repetitive similar researches required.Öğe Adaptation and Validation of the Post-Pandemic Health Promotion Behavior of Young Adults in the Digital Age (PS-SGD) Scale in the Turkish Population(MDPI, ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, BASEL, SWITZERLAND, CH-4052, 2024) Koç, Mustafa Can; Yıldırım, Elif; Özdurak Sıngın, Rabia Hürrem; Talaghir, Laurentiu-Gabriel; Iconomescu, Teodora Mihaela; Karakaş, NeşeBackground: Young adulthood is a critical developmental period in which individuals establish life-long health behaviors and take responsibility for their own health care. Health promotion strategies tailored to young adults, leveraging digital tools, and addressing challenges exacerbated by events like the COVID-19 pandemic are needed. The aim of this study was to adapt the postpandemic health promotion behavior of young adults in the digital age (PS-SGD) scale to the Turkish population in order to assess and compare the health behavior of young adults after the pandemic. Methods: A total of 312 participants, aged between 19 and 29 years, were included in the study via non-probabilistic criterion sampling, while the Turkish adaptation process started with translation and back translation methods performed with three language and two health science experts. For statistical analysis, EFA and CFA were conducted to evaluate internal consistency and structural validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to confirm the structure of the six sub-dimensions. Additionally, measurement invariance was examined regarding participants’ gender to determine if the scale accurately captured similar traits across diverse groups. The relationship between the test–retest data was tested by Pearson correlation to measure consistency and its invariance over time. Results: The gender distribution of the sample was found to be 61.3% female and 38.7% male. According to the results of EFA, items 8 and 18 were removed from the Turkish-adapted version. As a result of the reliability analysis conducted with the Turkish version of the scale, the Cronbach alpha coefficient was obtained as 0.851 for the post-pandemic health promotion behavior. Additionally, the scale was rated as reliable with the following Cronbach alpha values: 0.79 for the “personal hygiene”, 0.78 for “dietary habits”, 0.72 for “using mobile devices”, 0.70 for “emotional health”, 0.68 for “health care and physical activity”, and 0.51 for “social health” sub-dimensions. To examine the six sub-dimension factor structures of the scale, fit indices were calculated as ? 2/df (1.722), GFI (0.894), IFI (0.908), TLI (0.892), CFI (0.907), RMSEA (0.048), and SRMR (0.057) and were within acceptable limits. Findings of the multi-group confirmatory factor analysis for measurement invariance were less than or equal to 0.01 for the ?CFI and ?RMSEA values across all indices. Consequently, it was observed that the item–factor structure, factor loadings, variances, covariances, and error variances of the scale were equivalent for both male and female young adults, while test–retest results showed a high positive correlation. Conclusions: The Turkish version of the post-pandemic health promotion behavior scale of young adults in the digital age scale, consisting of 25 items and six subscales, was proven to be a valid and reliable tool to measure health promotion behavior in young adults aged 19–29 years.Öğe Bireysel ve takım sporlarında antrenör-sporcu ilişkisinin yarışma kaygısına etkisinin incelenmesi(Red & River Publications, 2025) Şahinler, Yunus; Ağralı Ermiş, Sermin; Koç, Mustafa Can; Ulukan, Mahmut; Ordu, BatuhanBu çalışma, bireysel ve takım sporlarında antrenör-sporcu ilişkisinin sporcuların yarışma kaygısı üzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, Aydın ilinde aktif olarak bireysel ve takım sporlarıyla ilgilenen, 18 yaş ve üzeri toplam 395 sporcunun katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, antrenör-sporcu ilişkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla Antrenör-Sporcu İlişkisi Ölçeği, yarışma kaygısı düzeylerini belirlemek için ise Revize Edilmiş Yarışma Durumluk Kaygı Envanteri-2 kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde çarpıklık ve basıklık değerleri incelenerek normal dağılım varsayımı test edilmiş, istatistiksel analizler kapsamında bağımsız örneklem t testi ve Pearson korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Bulgularda, kadın sporcuların antrenörleriyle daha yakın, güven temelli ve uyumlu ilişkiler kurdukları, buna karşın erkek sporcuların yarışma kaygısı düzeylerinin anlamlı derecede daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sporcuların yaşları ve spor deneyimleri arttıkça, antrenörleriyle olan ilişkilerinin güçlendiği ve buna paralel olarak yarışma kaygılarının azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Korelasyon analizleri, antrenörsporcu ilişkisinin güçlü olmasının yarışma kaygısını azaltıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bireysel ve takım sporları kıyaslandığında, bireysel sporlarla uğraşan sporcuların yarışma kaygısı düzeylerinin takım sporlarına göre daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, antrenörlerin sporcularıyla güvene dayalı, destekleyici ve uyumlu ilişkiler geliştirmelerinin, sporcuların yarışma kaygılarını azaltmada önemli olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Spor psikolojisi ve antrenörlük uygulamaları bağlamında bu çalışma, antrenörlerin sporcular üzerindeki psikolojik etkilerini anlamak ve daha etkili antrenörlük stratejileri geliştirmek açısından önemli bulgular sunmaktadır.Öğe Broken Windows Theory-Based Spectator Behavior Scale (BWTSBS): a validity and reliability study(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE CH-1015, SWITZERLAND, 2025) Yavuz Eroğlu, Sultan; Eroğlu, Erdem; Koç, Mustafa Can; Talaghir, Laurentiu Gabriel; Iconomescu, Teodora MihaelaPurpose: The aim of this study is to develop a scale to measure the spectator behaviors of fans and spectators. For this purpose, the research was conducted in two phases. Methods: The sample of the study consists of 220 fans aged 18 and over who are interested in dierent sports branches and support various teams across Turkey. Participants were selected from dierent geographical regions and socio-economic groups to ensure diversity. Stratified sampling method was used in the study. In this method, fans were first stratified according to the sports they support (e.g., soccer, basketball, volleyball) and random samples were selected from each stratum. In this way, it was ensured that each sport branch was represented and the sample better reflected the population. In the study, Personal Information Form and the Audience Behavior Scale Based on Broken Windows Theory (BWTSBS), which has been validity and reliability study to understand the behaviors of the participants, were used as data collection tools. Results: In the analysis of the data obtained within the scope of the study, exploratory factor analysis was used for the construct validity of the scale and confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the structure obtained as a result of this analysis. In this analysis, the extent to which the theoretically determined factor structure overlaps with the data is examined. The goodness of fit indices reveal how well the model fits the data. The CFA used in the study was based on fit criteria such as χ²/df, CFI, GFI, AGFI, NFI, IFI, TLI, RMSEA and RMR to evaluate the fit of the model.Öğe Global Research Trends in Physical Activity Barriers: A Study on Men(MDPI, ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND, 2024) Gümüş, Hüseyin; Koç, Mustafa Can; Talaghir, Laurentiu-GabrielIn this study, bibliometric properties of studies on physical activity barriers in men were analyzed using the Biblioshiny interface in R programming language. According to the results of the analysis, a total of 867 articles were published in 397 journals between 1992 and 2024. A great majority of the related studies were produced by American authors and institutions in the USA. The keywords frequently used by the authors were physical activity, exercise, barrier, health, male, and adult. In recent years, the most studied trend topics related to physical activity barriers in men were mellitus, health benefits, university students, stigma, glycemic control, time, and facilitator urban. The present study indicated that there is a need for both individual and institutional studies on physical activity barriers in men. The research results showed that there were still significant gaps in understanding physical activity barriers specific to men. Understanding these gaps is crucial for developing effective interventions, creating targeted health promotion strategies, and informing public health policy. This conclusion suggests that while we have a growing body of research on physical activity barriers in men, there is still much research to be conducted in terms of developing a comprehensive understanding and effective interventions to address these barriers.Öğe Leisure Motivation and Leisure Satisfaction: A practice on Open Water Swimming Competitions(İdeal Kent Yayınları, 2019) Koç, Mustafa Can; Ayar, Harun; Gümüş, Hüseyin; Çimen, KubilayThe aim of this study is to investigate the leisure satisfaction and motivation of the individuals participating in open water swimming competitions. The sample of the study consists of 104 individuals who participated in Datça open water swimming competitions in 2018. In the study, in addition to the personal information form, “Leisure Motivation Scale” (LMS) developed by (Pelletier et all., 1991) and adapted to Turkish by Güngörmüş (2012) and “Leisure Satisfaction Scale” (LSS) developed by Beard ve Ragheb (1980) and adapted to Turkish by Gökçe (2008) were used. In data analysis, the normality of the data was tested and in addition to the descriptive statistics, Independent Sample T Test was used for two groups and One Way Variance Analysis was used for more than two groups. The correlation between the two scales was calculated by using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. While no correlation was found between the participants’ genders and their years of participation in terms of leisure motivation and leisure satisfaction levels, significant difference was found between the leisure motivations of individuals who were interested in swimming recreatively and professional individuals. In addition, a positive and moderate correlation was found between LMS and LSS. As a conclusion, there can be an increase in the satisfaction levels of individuals if their leisure motivation can be increased. This is an important factor in increasing the attendance of the participants and ensuring the continuity of the organization.Öğe My sweetheart has a basketball match: The relationship between love-hate and identification of individuals attending a euroleague match for recreational purposes(Public Library Science, 2024) Koç, Mustafa Can; Talaghir, Laurentiu-Gabriel; Pekel, Aydın; Çetin, Arif; Stoica, LeonardThe objective of this research was to examine the Love-Hate and Identification Relationship of Individuals Participating in Euroleague Match for Recreational Purposes. The study was conducted using a relational survey methodology. The study's population comprises persons who watching recreational purpose part in the Euroleague match held in Istanbul in 2023-2024 season, while the sample consists of 178 voluntary participants selected through convenience sampling. The participants completed the Fan Love-Hate Scale and Fan Identification Scale, in addition to being asked about their gender, marital status, age, educational status, and frequency of attending football matches per week. The data collected from the personal information form and scales was entered into the IBM SPSS 24.0 software package for analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Independent Sample T test and One-way Anova methods. The LSD test was employed to ascertain the dissimilarity between the groups. The Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to ascertain the association between the variables of love-hate and identity. In summary, it is evident that demographic factors, including gender and age, significantly influence fan perceptions and sports identification. In contrast, there is no substantial correlation observed between attributes such as level of education achieved and the frequency of engaging in sports activities, and the aforementioned outcomes. The significant associations identified between the Fan Love-Hate Scale and the Sports Fan Identification Scale underscore the complex relationship between fans' emotional experiences and their connection to sports. Further investigations could be conducted to go deeper into the underlying causes that contribute to these relationships and inequalities, so resulting in a more thorough understanding of fan psychology.Öğe The perceived organizational leisure support scale (POLSS): A turkish validity and reliability study(Editura Universitatii din Pitesti, 2023) Koç, Mustafa Can; Pekel, AydinThis study aimed to adapt the "Perceived Organizational Leisure Support Scale" developed by Lien and Cheng in 2022 to the Turkish language and Turkish culture and to test its validity and reliability. Leisure Time Support Scale (LTSS) is basic research since it is a Turkish validity and reliability study. In the study, quantitative research, a general survey model was applied. The study population consisted of individuals over the age of 18 working in public institutions and private enterprises in Istanbul. The sample consisted of (n=286) volunteer participants working in institutions and enterprises, determined by the appropriate sampling methods. As a data collection method, a survey technique was applied and data were collected online and voluntarily. The original form of the "Perceived Organizational Leisure Support Scale" consisted of 4 sub-dimensions and 14 items. To adapt the scale to the Turkish language and Turkish culture, the language validity of the scale was ensured by using the translation-back translation method. SPSS 20 and LISREL 8.80 statistical package programmers were used for data analysis. The construct validity of the 14 items with 4 factors in the original form of the scale was examined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficients were calculated to test the reliability level of the scale. Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient and item-total correlations were calculated to test the reliability of the Turkish version of the scale. Moreover, the most frequently used goodness of fit indices in the studies in the literature was explained. According to the obtained results, it was determined that the Perceived Organizational Leisure Support Scale (POLSS), which consisted of 14 items and 4 sub-dimensions, is a valid and reliable scale in the Turkish language and culture. It was determined that the adapted scale is an appropriate measurement tool for determining the perceived organizational leisure time support of individuals over the age of 18 working in public institutions and private businesses who regularly participate in recreational activities. © JPES.Öğe Spor Örgütlerinde Kırık Camlar Teorisinin İncelenmesi(Uluslararası Avrasya Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2022) Yavuz Eroğlu, Sultan; Koç, Mustafa Can; Eroğlu, ErdemÜlke için büyük bir öneme sahip olan spor örgütleri işgörenlerinin hassasiyetle işgörmesi, olumlu davranışlarda bulunması ve sorumluluk sahibi olması ülke sağlığından ekonomisine kadar büyük katkılar sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada, spor örgütlerinde kırık camlar teorisinin farklı değişkenlere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu farklı illerdeki Gençlik Hizmetleri ve Spor İl Müdürlüklerinde random yoluyla seçilen (%28,9’u kadın, %71,1 erkek) 187 işgören oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları olarak, işgörenlerin kişisel özelliklerine ait (yaş, cinsiyet, hizmet yılı, farklı kurumda çalışma durumu ve mezun olunan bölüm) demografik bilgi formu ile İşgörenlerin kırık camlar düzeylerinin tespiti için, Bektaş, Erkal ve Çetin (2019) tarafından geliştirilen, 2 boyutlu (bireysel, yönetsel) Örgütsel Kırık Camlar Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler çözümlenirken, verilerin analizi aşamasında analizler öncesinde verinin normal dağılıp dağılmadığı kontrol edilmiş ve Kolmogorow-Smirnov normallik testi sonucunda verinin normallik varsayımını karşıladığı belirlenmiştir. İşgörenlerin tanımlayıcı özelliklerine göre ikili karşılaştırmaların tespiti için bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, kırık camlar teorisi alt boyutlarından yönetsel faktörde Beden Eğitimi ve Spor bölümlerinin dışındaki bölümlerden mezun olanlar lehine anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir. Diğer bir bulgumuz, kırık camlar teorisi alt boyutlarından yönetsel faktörde daha önce başka kurumda çalışmış olanlar lehine anlamlı farklılık göstermesidir. Ancak cinsiyet, yaş ve hizmet yılı değişkenlerine göre örgütsel kırık camlar ölçeğinin bireysel ve yönetsel alt boyutlarına ilişkin anlamlı farklılığa rastlanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, spor örgütlerini diğer örgütlerden ayrılan en önemli özelliğinin dinamik yapıda olan insan faktörünün olmasıdır. Dolayısıyla bu dinamik yapı, işgörenlerin bu alana hizmet edecek uzman kişilerden oluşmasıyla daha güçlü bir yapıya dönüşecektir.Öğe The mediatory role of challenge and threat in the relationship between positive thinking skills and perception of excellent performance: a study on football players(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE CH-1015, SWITZERLAND, 2025) Pepe, Osman; Koç, Mustafa Can; Ayhan, Cihan; Talaghir, Laurentiu Gabriel; Bentea, Cristina CorinaPurpose: The present study aims to examine the mediating role of challenge and threat between positive thinking skills and perception of excellent performance in football players competing in the regional amateur league, which is referred to as a semi-professional league in Turkey. Methods: The study population consisted of football players competing in regional amateur leagues in the 2023–2024 season, and the sample consisted of 388 athletes selected using the simple random method. In addition to the demographic information form developed by the researcher, the Positive Thinking Skills Scale, the Challenge and Threat in Sport Scale and the Performance Perfectionism Scale for Sport were applied to the participants. The data were analyzed digitally through the SPSS 25 package program. The Pearson Correlation analysis was used to determine the correlations between the variables and a regression analysis of the indirect effect approach based on the Bootstrap method through PROCESS v4.2 macro was used to determine the mediating effect of challenge and threat in the relationship between positive thinking and perception of excellent performance. PROCESS Macro Model Option 4 developed by Hayes was used to examine the mediating effect. While conducting this analysis, the 5,000 resampling option was selected in the Bootstrap method. Results: The study found that positive thinking had a positive, moderate, and statistically significant effect on the perception of challenge (a = 0.439, p < 0.01) and excellent performance (c’ = 0.484, p < 0.001), with approximately 32% of the variance in challenge explained by positive thinking (R2 = 0.319, p < 0.01). Additionally, challenge played a mediating role. Positive thinking also had a negative, moderate effect on threat (a = −0.425, p < 0.01), explaining 7% of the variance in threat (R2 = 0.070, p < 0.01). However, the threat had a negative and low-level impact on the perception of excellent performance (b = −0.244, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, it was found that the positive thinking skills of the football players positively affected their perceptions of excellent performance, and the feelings of challenge and threat they experienced on the field played a mediating role in the relationship between these positive thinking skills and perceptions of excellent performance.Öğe The Turkish Version of a Personal Responsibility Scale for Chinese College Students: Adaptation and Validation(Dove Medical Press Ltd, 2024) Koç, Mustafa Can; Yıldırım, Elif; Nanu, Liliana; Manolache, Gabriel MarianPurpose: The purpose of this study is to carry out the Turkish adaptation study of the personal responsibility scale developed by Ren et al for Chinese university students and to examine the validity and reliability of the adapted scale. The original scale was developed to determine the personal responsibility levels of Chinese university students. This research is very important in terms of determining the personal responsibility levels of Turkish university students. Methods: This research involved university students, who were selected through purposeful sampling, a non-probability sampling method. After the original scale was translated into Turkish, a pilot study was conducted on 165 students and exploratory factor analysis was conducted to reveal the scale structure. The validity and reliability of the determined factor structure was tested on 259 students. Internal consistency was obtained with the Cronbach Alpha coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to check the validity of the two subscale structure. Results: To examine the two-dimensional factor structure of the scale, fit indices were examined: X2/df (1.591), GFI (0.949), IFI (0.937), TLI (0.920), CFI (0.936), RMSEA (0.048) and SRMR (0.050) and It was observed that the indices were within acceptable limits. In the analysis results conducted with the multi-group confirmatory factor analysis method for measurement invariance, it was observed that triangle CFI and triangle TLI values among all metrics were less than or equal to 0.010. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the personal responsibility scale for Chinese college students, consisting of 12 items and two subscales, was proven to be a confirmatory and reliable tool to measure university students' awareness of personal responsibility.Öğe Turkish version of a short nutrition literacy scale for young adults: cultural adaptation and validation(Frontiers Media Sa, 2024) Koç, Mustafa Can; Yıldırım, Elif; Işık, Özkan; Akşen, Pelin; Talaghir, Laurentiu-Gabriel; Zanfir, CiprianBackground Recent changes in nutrition trends may lead to health issues. In particular, the unhealthy eating habits of young adults suggest that future generations may be at risk. Therefore, the importance and necessity of nutrition literacy is becoming increasingly apparent.Purpose The purpose of this study was to create a Turkish version of a short nutrition literacy (S-NutLit-Tr) scale for young adults developed by Vrinten et al (2023).Methods This research involved 115 young adults from Istanbul Geli & scedil;im University, who were selected through convenience sampling, a non-probability sampling method. After the original S-NutLit scale was translated into Turkish, the validity and reliability of the determined factor structure were tested on 115 young adults. Internal consistency was examined with the Cronbach Alpha coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to validate the two sub-scale structures. Finally, measurement invariance was tested concerning participants' gender, aiming to ascertain whether the scale captured equivalent characteristics across different groups.Results As a result of the reliability analysis conducted with the scale of S-NutLit-Tr, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient was obtained as 0.86 for the scale of S-NutLit-Tr. Additionally, it was found to be 0.84 and 0.77 for the information skills and expert skills sub-scales, respectively. Accordingly, the scale of S-NutLit-Tr was found to be reliable. To examine the two sub-scale factor structures of the S-NutLit-Tr scale, fit indices were examined: chi 2/df (1.246), GFI (0.923), IFI (0.975), TLI (0.967), CFI (0.974), RMSEA (0.046), and SRMR (0.055) and it was observed that the indices were within acceptable limits. In the analysis results obtained through the multi-group confirmatory factor analysis for measurement invariance, it was observed that the triangle CFI and triangle TLI values across all indices were less than or equal to 0.01. Consequently, it was observed that the item-factor structure, factor loadings, variances, covariances, and error variances of the scale were equivalent for both male and female young adults.Conclusion The study found that the scale of S-NutLit-Tr for young adults was a valid and reliable measurement tool in Turkish culture.
