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Öğe Adaptive Harmony Search for Cost Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Columns(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Kayabekir, Aylin Ece; Nigdeli, Sinan Melih; Bekdaş, GebrailThe performance of metaheuristic algorithms used in engineering optimization is evaluated via the robustness of the method. To make a better algorithm for specific problems, investigations have to be continued by applying methods to new problems. In the present study, adaptive harmony search (AHS) that automatically updates the algorithm parameters is presented for optimum cost design of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. The results were compared with the approach that constant parameters within the optimization process. Results proved that AHS is not greatly affected by the choice of initial algorithm parameters. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Analysis of Non-linear Structural Systems via Hybrid Algorithms(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Nigdeli, Sinan Melih; Bekdaş, Gebrail; Yücel, Melda; Kayabekir, Aylin Ece; Toklu, Yusuf CengizMetaheuristic methods are commonly used in the problems which are treating optimization of structural systems as to the topology, shape and size. It is currently shown that metaheuristic methods can also be used in the analysis of structural system by an application of the well-known mechanical principle of minimum energy. This method is called total potential optimization using metaheuristic methods (TPO/MA), and it is shown that this method has certain advantages in dealing with nonlinear problems and with the problems where classical methods including the Finite Element Method has some difficulties. In this paper, a retaining wall example that is generated via plane-strain members is presented and hybrid algorithms using the Jaya algorithm are investigated. The hybrid algorithms may have advantages on the needed iteration number to reach the final value. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Cantilever Soldier Pile Design: The Multiobjective Optimization of Cost and CO2 Emission via Pareto Front Analysis(MDPI, ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND, 2022) Bekdaş, Gebrail; Akbay Arama, Zülal; Türkakın, Osman Hürol; Kayabekir, Aylin Ece; Geem, Zong WooIn the context of this study, it is focused on the design of cantilever soldier piles under the concept of Pareto optimality with multiobjective analyses of cost and CO2 emission considering the change in the excavation depth, the shear strength parameters of the foundation soil strata, and the unit costs and unit emission amounts of structural materials. Considering this aim, the harmony search algorithm was used as a tool to achieve the integrated effects of the solution variants. The lateral response of the soil mass was determined based on the active Rankine earth pressure theory and the design process was shaped according to the beams on the elastic foundation soil assumption. Moreover, the specification envisaged by the American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-11) was used to control the structural requirements of the design. Pareto front graphs and also design charts were created to achieve the eco- and cost optimization, simultaneously, for the design with arbitrarily selected cases to compare the results of the multiobjective analysis to minimize both the cost and the CO2 emission.Öğe Control of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures via Active Tuned Mass Dampers(Springer-Verlag Singapore Pte Ltd, 2022) Kayabekir, Aylin Ece; Bekdas, Gebrail; Nigdeli, Sinan MelihIn this paper, an active structural control method called active tuned mass dampers (ATMDs) was applied to reinforced concrete frame structures. ATMD is positioned on the top of the structure and uses a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. Both damper and PID controller properties are optimized via an improved harmony search algorithm. During the optimization, the limit of control force, stroke capacity of ATMD and time-delay of the control system is considered. As the numerical example, a 15-story frame building is presented and the optimum ATMD is effective to reduce maximum displacement by 37.5% for critical excitation.Öğe COST AND ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMUM DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS(Scibulcom Ltd, 2022) Kayabekir, Aylin Ece; Bekdas, Gebrail; Nigdeli, Sinan Melih; Apak, SudiIn the construction industry, the aim is to construct low-profit structures that meet the demand of residents and safety measures, and also sustainability and environment-friendly measures need to be ensured in the production. Due to defined regulations in design codes to ensure stress capacity, ductility, and constructive needs, the optimum design problems are highly constrained which makes it a nonlinear one in defining the optimum design variables. In the present study, an optimisation methodology is presented via the use of a metaheuristic method called Harmony Search (HS) for reinforced concrete (RC) column members that having minimised cost and CO2 emission. The investigation is done for single objective cases of cost and CO2 emission together with multi-objective optimisation. According to the results, CO2 emission optimisation highly increases the cost of the design, while multi-objective cases lead to more low-profit results in the reduction of CO2 emission.Öğe Design Optimization of a Hybrid Vibration Control System for Buildings(Mdpi, 2023) Salaas, Basel; Bekdas, Gebrail; Ibrahim, Yasser E.; Nigdeli, Sinan Melih; Ezzat, Mohamed; Nawar, Mahmoud; Kayabekir, Aylin EceControl of high-rise structures under seismic excitations was investigated using a passive hybrid control system consisting of a base-isolation (BI) subsystem and a passive tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) system. Both of the systems were optimized considering using the other system in the same structure. An optimization method was developed, and a computer code was written based on dynamic analysis of the structure and metaheuristic optimization methods. Within the scope of the study, a general solution was found by using many earthquake records during the optimization process. Moreover, one of the most suitable and successful metaheuristic algorithms was used in this study. In addition, numerical simulations were performed on a benchmark high-rise building structure to investigate the effectiveness of the optimized hybrid control system in controlling the seismic response of the building. The performance of the base-isolated TLCD-controlled structure was examined when the TLCD was placed on the base floor by using a set of 44 recorded ground motions as base excitations. Based on the results obtained from this study, the use of a base-isolation subsystem decoupling the superstructure from the ground motions by lowering the structure's fundamental natural frequency reduces the structural responses of the building in most cases. The responses of the base-isolation subsystem were not too large since the parameters of the BI subsystem were optimized specifically for the investigated structure. Nevertheless, displacements of BI might exceed the maximum limit to undesirable values in some cases. The TLCD system appears to be quite effective in protecting the base-isolation subsystem by reducing its displacements to the maximum allowable limit or below when attached to it. Moreover, the proposed passive hybrid control system can effectively reduce the structural responses under seismic excitations.Öğe The Development of Hybrid Metaheuristics in Structural Engineering(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Kayabekir, Aylin Ece; Nigdeli, Sinan Melih; Bekdaş, GebrailIn engineering designs, the variables in the problems are needed to define by checking several constraints. In that case, the problem is a nonlinear one that needs several iterations when the best suitable solution is wanted. To find the best solution, several algorithms may be employed to iteratively search for the optimum solution. These algorithms are inspired by happening or processes to provide different formulations. As the current trend, multiple algorithms are combined to update efficient features instead of using a metaphor. In this chapter, a review is presented for hybrid metaheuristics in structural engineering applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.Öğe A hybrid metaheuristic method for optimization of active tuned mass dampers(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2022) Kayabekir, Aylin Ece; Niğdeli, Sinan Melih; Bekdaş, GebrailA metaheuristic-based tuning methodology for the optimization of active tuned mass dampers (ATMDs) is presented. The methodology considers both physical parameters of ATMDs and controller parameters of the control algorithm. The employed control algorithm is a proportional–integral–derivative type controller. ATMDs are used in structures in the reduction of structural responses resulted from earthquakes. The proposed methodologies must be feasible for real practices in construction, so consider all physical factors such as stroke capacity, limitation of the active control force, the time delay of the generated control signal, and a time-saving one. A novel hybrid metaheuristic algorithm that combines the specific advantages of four metaheuristics (harmony search, flower pollination algorithm, teaching-learning-based optimization and Jaya algorithm) is proposed for the optimization process. The results of the process showed that ATMDs are more effective for high values strike limitations, compared to TMDs. The feasibility and effectiveness of the optimum control method are also demonstrated on a full-size 76-story structure.Öğe Introduction and Overview: Structural Control and Tuned Mass Dampers(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Bekdaş, Gebrail; Nigdeli, Sinan Melih; Kayabekir, Aylin EceIn this chapter, an introduction is presented for system dynamics and control. The main aim in the control of structures is to reduce vibrations and the vibration is defined then, the main concern of system dynamics and control such as control, automatic control, system, transfer function and control system types are given. Then, a short brief for structural control types such as active, passive, semi-active and hybrid are defined. Lastly, the content of the book “Optimization of Tuned Mass Dampers-Using Active and Passive Control” is presented. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Investigation of optimum tuned mass damper parameter according to stroke capacity(Tulpar Academic Publishing, 2023) Kayabekir, Aylin EceDuring major earthquakes, civil structures may collapse due to vibration that has a frequency close to the frequency content of the structure. Because of this, control systems have also been proposed for building structures. These systems can be active ones that are controlled by electronic devices or passive ones that are tuned mechanical systems. Passive tuned mass dampers (TMDs) include mass, stiffness element and damping element and these are tuned around the frequency of the structure. For optimum tuning and the complex nature of the mathematics under random vibrations, metaheuristic algorithms are needed to be used. In the presented study, TMDs are optimized via Jaya algorithm. The control system was optimized for displacement minimization of the structure. Additionally, the stroke amount of the system was limited. The stroke capacity factor was investigated for wide limits between 0.5 and 4 for normalized stroke according to the maximum displacement of the structure. The investigation was done for a single degree of freedom structure for a general conclusion. It is observed that the stroke limit did not affect performance and optimum parameters after 2.75. The small values of the stroke limit have significantly different optimum period.Öğe A Modified Jaya Algorithm for Optimum Design of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Nigdeli, Sinan Melih; Bekdaş, Gebrail; Kayabekir, Aylin EceIn this study, a modified Jaya algorithm is presented for a structural engineering problem. Jaya algorithm (JA) is a single-phase metaheuristic algorithm using best and worst existing solutions. The effects of these solutions are equally considered in the classical form. In the proposed modified algorithm, a weight factor is considered for these factors. This factor is randomly chosen to keep the algorithm as a parameter-free one. The results of modified JA (MJA) and JA are compared and evaluated for optimization of carbon fiber-polymers (CFRP) used for increasing the shear force capacity of reinforced concrete beams. The results show that MJA outperforms JA. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.Öğe Optimization of cylindrical wall domes via metaheuristic algorithms(Fatih Mehmet ÖZKAL / Tulpar Academic Publishing, 2021) Kayabekir, Aylin EceOptimization is a widely used phenomenon in various problems and fields. Because time and resources are very limited in today's world, it can be said that the usage area of the optimization process will be expanded and spread in all areas of life. Although different methods are used in the realization of the optimization process, the performance of metaheuristic algorithms in solving problems has led to an increase in research on these methods. As in other fields, the application examples of these algorithms are diversifying and increasing in the field of structural engineering. In this study, the performance comparison of five different algorithms for the optimum design of an axisymmetric cylindrical wall with a dome is investigated. These algorithms are Jaya (JA), Flower pollination (FPA), teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithms and two hybrid versions of these algorithms. ACI 318 regulation was used in reinforced concrete design with a flexibility method-based approach in the analyses. In the analyzes with five different situations of the wall height, some statistical values , and data of analysis numbers were obtained by running the algorithms a large number of times. According to the analysis results, Jaya algorithm is slightly better in terms of the speed of reaching the optimum result, but also all algorithms are quite effective and reliable in solving the problem.Öğe Optimization of Fixed Supported Castellated Steel Beams(İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Yayınları / Istanbul Gelisim University Press, 2025) Albayati, Marwan Abdulkareem Shakir; Noori, Ahmad Reshad; Kayabekir, Aylin EceCastellated beams have garnered increasing attention in various fields due to their aesthetically appealing design, diverse geometric shapes, environmental friendliness, and economic advantages in terms of time, cost, and performance. These beams particularly excel in resisting bending without increasing their weight. The novelty of this paper, is to optimize the performance of castellated beams by maximum vertical deflection, represented as the objective function. This is achieved by determining the optimal dimensions of the cross-section using three optimization algorithms: Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Differential Evolution (DE). This study focuses on three different types of material for castellated beams: S235, S255, and S355. The results revealed that the PSO and DE algorithms produce very similar outcomes, while the GWO algorithm shows slightly different results. Overall, all three algorithms demonstrate good capability in engineering applications, with a slight preference for the PSO and DE algorithms.Öğe Optimum Design and Tuning Applications in Structural Engineering via Swarm Intelligence(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Bekdaş, Gebrail; Nigdeli, Sinan Melih; Kayabekir, Aylin EceAs all engineering disciplines, structural engineering problems are needed to be optimized and due to the nonlinear behavior of these problems, it is not possible to solve them mathematically, but metaheuristic methods are very successful in iterative optimization by assuming values for the design variables within a desired range of the user. In structural engineering problems, metaheuristic methods including swarm-intelligence-based algorithms are used in two groups of problems. Design optimization is the first group and the design like dimension, amount of material and orientations are optimally found for minimizing objectives related to cost, weight, CO2 emission and others. In these problems, constraints are found via design codes like steel and reinforced concrete structure design regulations. This group belongs to a design of a structure. The second group includes optimum tuning and it generally covers structural control applications. This group involves the optimum tuning of the additional control system of the structure that can be added to the newly constructed structure for better performance or existing ones to correct the failure or increase the existing performance. The role of engineers is to make the best possible structural design and optimization is important. More especially, tuning optimization is a must to provide acceptable performance. In this chapter, a review of existing studies about the design optimization of structural systems is presented for swarm intelligence-based algorithms. Then, optimum tuning applications are mentioned including the most important studies about tuned mass dampers. Finally, optimization problems are presented for design and tuning optimization. The RC retaining wall optimization was presented for two cases with and without toe projection and the optimization of a toe is 5% effective on reduction of cost. In span length optimization of frame structures, frame models with different stories have similar optimum span lengths. Active tuned mass dampers are up to 22.08% more effective than passive tuned mass dampers. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Optimum Tuning of Active Mass Dampers via Metaheuristics(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Kayabekir, Aylin Ece; Bekdaş, Gebrail; Nigdeli, Sinan MelihIn the present study, a metaheuristic-based optimization methodology that optimizes both physical parameters of active tuned mass dampers (ATMDs) and the tuning parameters of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) type used in the generation of the control force. As known, ATMDs are positioned on seismic structures to reduce structural responses. As the current target of today’s needs, the methodologies must be suitable for real structures. Due to that, the proposed method considers all limitations in practice like stroke capacity, control force limitation and time delay of the control signal. In addition to that, the process is a time-saving one with automated decision-making for non-effective candidate solutions during dynamic analysis. This method was tested by employing three different algorithms. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
