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Öğe Assessment of Back-Squat Performance at Submaximal Loads: Is the Reliability Affected by the Variable, Exercise Technique, or Repetition Criterion?(MDPI, ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND, 2021) Perez-Castilla, Alejandro; Janicijevic, Danica; Akyıldız, Zeki; Şentürk, Deniz; Garcia-Ramos, AmadorThis study aimed to compare the between-session reliability of different performance variables during 2 variants of the Smith machine back-squat exercise. Twenty-six male wrestlers performed 5 testing sessions (a 1-repetition maximum [1RM] session, and 4 experimental sessions [2 with the pause and 2 with the rebound technique]). Each experimental session consisted of performing 3 repetitions against 5 loads (45–55–65–75–85% of the 1RM). Mean velocity (MV), mean power (MP), peak velocity (PV), and peak power (PP) variables were recorded by a linear position transducer (GymAware PowerTool). The best and average scores of the 3 repetitions were considered for statistical analyses. The coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 3.89% (best PV score at 55% 1 RM using the pause technique) to 10.29% (average PP score at 85% 1 RM using the rebound technique). PP showed a lower reliability than MV, MP, and PV (CVratio ? 1.26). The reliability was comparable between the exercise techniques (CVratio = 1.08) and between the best and average scores (CVratio = 1.04). These results discourage the use of PP to assess back-squat performance at submaximal loads. The remaining variables (MV, MP, or PV), exercise techniques (pause or rebound), and repetition criteria (best score or average score) can be indistinctly used due to their acceptable and comparable reliability.Öğe Hexagonal Barbell Deadlift One-repetition Maximum Estimation Using Velocity Recordings(Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2024) Janicijevic, Danica; Şentürk, Deniz; Akyıldız, Zeki; Gu, Yaodong; Garcia-Ramos, AmadorThis study aimed to determine whether the optimal minimal velocity threshold (MVT) provides more precise estimates of one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the hexagonal barbell deadlift (HBD) than the general and individual MVTs. The 1RMs of 27 resistance-trained males were predicted using three types of MVT: (i) General MVT: averaged across subjects' velocity of the 1RM trial (0.25 ms -1 ), (ii) individual MVT: velocity attained during the 1RM trial, and (iii) Optimal MVT: MVT that eliminated the differences between the actual and predicted 1RM. Two individual load-velocity relationships were modelled considering five (30-50-70-80%1RM) or six (30-50-70-80-90%1RM) loading conditions. Negligible differences (Effect size<0.20), low absolute errors (<5% of the actual 1RM), and extremely high correlations ( r >0.90) were observed between the actual and six predicted 1RMs. The only significant difference was the lower raw errors for the 90%1RM condition (0.60 +/- 7.34 kg) compared to the 80%1RM condition (2.27 +/- 7.54 kg; p =0.013). These results suggest that the individual load-velocity relationship offers an accurate estimation of the HBD 1RM in resistance-trained males, and these estimates could maintain similar levels of precision across different types of MVT (general, individual, and optimal) and final tested loads (80%1RM and 90%1RM).Öğe Load-Velocity Relationship Variables to Assess the Maximal Neuromuscular Capacities During the Back-Squat Exercise(Sage Publications Inc, 2022) Perez-Castilla, Alejandro; Jukic, Ivan; Janicijevic, Danica; Akyıldız, Zeki; Şentürk, Deniz; Garcia-Ramos, AmadorBackground: The relationship between the external load lifted and movement velocity can be modeled by a simple linear regression, and the variables derived from the load-velocity (L-V) relationship were recently used to estimate the maximal neuromuscular capacities during 2 variants of the back-squat exercise. Hypothesis: The L-V relationship variables will be highly reliable and will be highly associated with the traditional tests commonly used to evaluate the maximal force and power. Study Design: Twenty-four male wrestlers performed 5 testing sessions (a 1-repetition maximum [1RM] session, and 4 experimental sessions [2 with the concentric-only back-squat and 2 with the eccentric-concentric back-squat]). Each experimental session consisted of performing 3 repetitions against 5 loads (45%-55%-65%-75%-85% of the 1RM), followed by single 1RM attempts. Level of Evidence: level 3. Methods: Individual L-V relationships were modeled from the mean velocity collected under all loading conditions from which the following 3 variables were calculated: load-axis intercept (L-0), velocity-axis intercept (v(0)), and area under the line (A(line) = L-0.v(0)/2). The back-squat 1RM strength and the maximum power determined as the apex of the power-velocity relationship (P-max) were also determined as traditional measures of maximal force and power capacities, respectively. Results: The between-session reliability was high for the A(line) (coefficient of variation [CV] range = 2.58%-4.37%; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] range = 0.98-0.99) and generally acceptable for L-0 and v(0) (CV range = 5.08%-9.01%; ICC range = 0.45-0.96). Regarding the concurrent validity, the correlations were very large between L-0 and the 1RM strength (r(range) = 0.87- 0.88) and nearly perfect between A(line) and P-max (r = 0.98-0.99). Conclusion: The load-velocity relationship variables can be obtained with a high reliability (L-0, v(0), and A(line)) and validity (L-0 and A(line)) during the back-squat exercise.Öğe Using velocity recordings to predict squat repetitions to failure in high‐level wrestlers(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND, 2024) Janicijevic, Danica; Şentürk, Deniz; Akyıldız, Zeki; Weakley, Jonathon; Garcia-Ramos, AmadorThe aim of this study was to assess whether lifting velocity (MV) can provide accurate estimations of the maximum number of repetitions that can be performed to failure (RTF) during the parallel back?squat exercise performed in a Smith machine. ..
