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    The Effectiveness of Online EMDR 2.0 Group Protocol on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Individuals Who Have Experienced a Traffic Accident: A Preliminary Study
    (Springer Publishing Co, 2023) Yasar, Alisan Burak; Kavakci, Onder; Ciftci, Zeynep Zat; Tunca, Gorkem Alban; Uygun, Ersin; Gundogmus, Ibrahim; Kubilay, Derin
    Introduction: As an innovative procedure, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) 2.0, which is based on standard EMDR, draws attention with its promising results. The adaptation of EMDR 2.0 to groups will be a significant contribution to the psychology literature. Considering the effectiveness of EMDR 2.0 on individual applications, this is a preliminary study that aims to explore the role of EMDR 2.0 on groups by developing the EMDR 2.0 group protocol (EMDR 2.0 GP).Methods: In this pilot study, EMDR 2.0 GP is applied to a group of seven participants who had been exposed to a traffic incident. The role of EMDR 2.0 GP (three sessions; 3.5 hours in total) on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, anxiety, and stress was measured. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were used to assess these symptoms at pretreatment, one-week posttreatment, and one-month posttreatment.Results: The participants (mean age = 47.14 & PLUSMN; 9.65) with a traffic accident experience (mean of the time elapsed = 88.57 & PLUSMN; 38.24 months) received EMDR 2.0 GP. Results showed that the EMDR 2.0 group had significantly lower depression (x2 [2, n = 7] = 9.364, p = .009, Kendall's W = .668) and stress (x2 [2, n = 7] = 8.667, p = .013, Kendall's W = .619) on the subscales of DASS-21 and lower intrusions (x2 [2, n = 7] = 6.333, p = .042, Kendall's W = .452), avoidance (x2 [2, n = 7] = 7.280, p = .026, Kendall's W = .520), and hyperarousal (x2 [2, n = 7]) = 10.800, p = .005, Kendall's W = .771) at posttreatment.Conclusion: The pilot study of EMDR 2.0 GP indicated that this newly developed protocol that was first applied to the group may be effective in reducing depression, stress, and PTSD symptoms among a nonclinical sample. This pilot study supports future randomized controlled EMDR GP applications.
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    The Effects of Single Session EMDR Flash Technique Group Application on Traumatic Symptoms
    (Mediafarm Group, 2021) Yasar, Alisan Burak; Gundogmus, Ibrahim; Gunduz, Anil; Konuk, Emre
    Introduction: Flash Technique method is an EMDR (Eye Movement Desensatization and Reprocessing) protocol specifically developed. In this protocol, there is little contact with the traumatic memories and focus is substantially on positive memories. For this reason, it might be convenient for group applications. In this study, we aimed at measuring the effects of EMDR Flash Technique group application on traumatic memories. Method: The sample of the study consists of 36 participants. On this sample, one-session of 90-120 minutes EMDR Flash Technique was applied. Participants were evaluated with Impacts of Events Scale (IES), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and Sociodemographic Variables Form before, one week later and one month later following the EMDR Flash Technique group application. Results: Comparison of Subjective Unit of Disturbance (SUD) and IES scores obtained from measurements conducted before (SUD=6.08 +/- 1.69, IES-R=24.52 +/- 11.57), one week after (SUD=3.75 +/- 1.90, IES-R=14.13 +/- 11.78) and one month after (SUD=2.83 +/- 2.00, IES-R=9.86 +/- 11.84) EMDR Flash Technique application revealed statistically significant difference (SUD: p<0.001, IES-R: p<0.001 ). In addition, a statistically significant difference was found in the comparison of pre-session (24.38 +/- 17.78) and one month after session (11.44 +/- 11.06) PCL-5 scores (p<0.001). Conclusion: In this study, the effects of EMDR Flash Technique application, which we thought to be easy to apply and less risky, were analyzed in a group consisting of 36 participants, and there were significant improvements in one-month follow-up scores in all of the three trauma measures. Examination of EMDR Flash Technique group application in other groups and with controlled long-term research may be a considerable option for future research.
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    Effects of the EMDR Couple Protocol on Relationship Satisfaction, Depression, and Anxiety Symptoms
    (Springer Publishing Co, 2021) Dogan, Ceren Kurtay; Yasar, Alisan Burak; Gundogmus, Ibrahim
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Couple Protocol on the relationship-satisfaction, depression, and anxiety levels of couples. This protocol differs from standard EMDR procedures in that the partners are together in the treatment session, and engage in bidirectional stimulation simultaneously.The treatment targets are disturbing events that the couples have experienced together. Couples have the opportunity to accept, recognize, and witness each other's recovery process during the session.The EMDR Couple Protocol consists of eight phases, and it was developed for couples wanting to improve their relationship. The study sample consisted of 18 couples suitable for the application of the EMDR Couple Protocol. Treatment was provided by an EMDR Europe Level 2 EM DR psychotherapist to the couples. The mean number of sessions was 14.27 +/- 4.04.The couples showed significant improvement between pre-EM DR, post-EMDR, and at three months follow-up with large effect sizes for relationship satisfaction (eta(2) = 0.944), depression (eta(2) = 0.385), and anxiety (eta(2) = 0.258). The present study evaluating the effectiveness of the EMDR Couple Protocol showed a positive effect on the relationship-satisfaction, depression and anxiety symptoms of the couples. The EMDR Couple Protocol appeared to be safe and effective.