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Öğe Competition Determinants of Eurasian Economic Union Oil and Gas Companies(Econjournals, 2022) Damira, Aubakirova; Narimanovna, Jaxybekova Galiya; Lyazzat, Yespergenova; Rustamov, Bezhan; Faizulayev, Alimshan; Bekun, Festus VictorThe present study examines the competition determinants of Eurasian Union oil and gas companies for the period of 2012–2020. The study covers a total of 24,813 firm-year observations. This study applied the GMM two-step estimation to capture the endogeneity problem. Our results reveal that leverage, profitability, and efficiency are the main competition determinants. In the Eurasian Union, large oil and gas companies are less competitive. It may be caused by higher corporate bureaucracy and high transaction costs. Oil and gas companies with an efficient level of sales are more competitive in the market. Also, the increase in leverage provides a tax shelter. The price cost margin, the Boone Indicator, and the firm’s income total income ratio are confirmed as efficient competition indicators. © 2022, Econjournals. All rights reserved.Öğe Exploring the role of conventional energy consumption on environmental quality in Brazil: Evidence from cointegration and conditional causality(ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2021) Wada, Isah; Faizulayev, Alimshan; Bekun, Festus VictorThe study explores the nexus between energy, export, import, population and economic growth on environmental quality in Brazil. Hence the long-run equilibrium association and dynamic causality amongst environmental quality—proxy with CO2 emission—energy consumption, trade policy, and population growth in Brazil is empirically estimated. Annual frequency time-series data from 1971 to 2016 is employed within the ARDL bounds testing methodological framework. The conditional Granger causality procedure within the VECM is followed to examine dynamic short-term and long-run causations in the estimated model. Thus, a stable long-run relationship is empirically established in the estimated model. Hence, within the CO2 emission energy-augmented model—via the channel of real GDP per capita, real per capita exports/imports, and population growth—CO2 emissions converge to its long-run equilibrium by an average speed of 37.47% on an annually basis. Additionally, a 1% increase in energy consumption increases CO2 emissions by 1.259%. Similarly, an increase in GDP growth and export worsens environmental quality by increasing CO2 emissions by 0.033% and 2.202% respectively. The result of the impulse responses and variance decomposition in response to exogenous shocks in the model collaborate the findings of the ARDL model. Shock to energy use, real GDP per capita, real exports per capita, real imports per capita, and population growth causes changes in environmental quality—both in the short-run and long-run period—with significant implication for environmental conservation in Brazil. The short-run causality supports the imperative of energy for economic growth. Thus, suggests caution in following conservation policy so as not to jeopardize real economic growth, whilst contemplating environmental sustainability in Brazil.Öğe Modelling the impact of energy consumption, natural resources, and urbanization on ecological footprint in south africa: Assessing the moderating role of human capital(Econjournals, 2021) Nathaniel, Solomon Prince; Bekun, Festus Victor; Faizulayev, AlimshanApart from being the most urbanized and largest emitter of CO2 emissions in Africa, South Africa currently harbours an ecological deficit territory mainly due to its desire to attain more growth with less attention to its natural environment. Since environmental distortions are mainly an outcome of human activities, this study becomes the first to investigate the linkage between natural resource (NR), human capital, energy consumption, and ecological footprint (EF) in South Africa. Findings from the long-run results reveal that energy consumption, natural resource, economic growth, and urbanization add to the EF, while human capital curtails environmental deterioration. The interaction between human capital and urbanization helps in mitigating environmental degradation, which suggests a moderating effect of human capital in urban sustainability. The CCR, DOLS and FMOLS confirm the robustness of the findings. A feedback causality exists between natural resource and economic growth, and between economic growth and EF. Natural resources and urbanization also Granger cause EF. Lastly, policies relating to urban and natural resource sustainability and human capital development are discussed. © 2021, Econjournals. All rights reserved.