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Öğe Alcohol- and cigarette-use-related behaviors across gender, dysfunctional COVID-19 anxiety, and the presence of probable ADHD during the pandemic: A cross-sectional study in a sample of Turkish young adults(KARE PUBL, Göztepe Mah. Fahrettin Kerim Gökay Caddesi No: 200/A D:2 Çemenzar - Kadıköy, ISTANBUL 34720, TURKEY, 2021) Evren, Cüneyt; Evren, Bilge; Dalbudak, Ercan; Topçu, Merve; Kutlu, NilayObjective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the alcohol- and cigarette-use-related behaviors among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in Turkey. The second objective was to evaluate whether the gender, dysfunctional COVID-19 anxiety, and presence of probable attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with the increase in alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking while controlling the effects of current age and diagnosis of anxiety disorder before the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The study was conducted with an online survey among volunteer participants of young adults. The Adult ADHD SelfReport Scale (ASRS-v1.1) and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) were used to evaluate a group of university students. Results: A total of 1,042 respondents (mean age 26.9±10.9 years; 61.6% female) filled out the survey. Of these, 17.6% reported an increase and 7.7% reported reduced cigarette smoking, whereas 10.8% reported an increase and 8.5% reported reduced alcohol consumption during the pandemic. Both rates of increased cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were higher among males and those with probable ADHD. In the logistic regression analyses, male gender, COVID-19 related dysfunctional anxiety, and presence of probable ADHD were related to the increase in alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking, while the current age and diagnosis of anxiety disorder before the COVID-19 pandemic were not. Conclusion: Findings of the current study may suggest that the pandemic period is related to both anv increase and a reduction of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. Males with probable ADHD and higher levels of COVID-19 related dysfunctional anxiety have a higher risk of increasing both alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking.Öğe Factors affecting treatment compliance in patients with substance use disorder under probation(CUMHURIYET UNIV TIP FAK PSIKIYATRI ANABILIM DALI, CUMHURIYET UNIV TIP FAK PSIKIYATRI ABD, SIVAS, 58140, TURKEY, 2020) Yılmaz Çengel, Hanife; Uzun, Utku; Bozkurt, Müge; Evren, CüneytObjective: The present study aims to determine the factors that affecting the treatment compliance in patients with substance use disorder (SUD) under probation in terms of sociodemographics, substance use characteristics, addiction severity, perceived family support, treatment motivation and impulsiveness. Methods: In this study, 93 substance use disorder patients who were taken three-month outpatient treatment program were included consecutively. Sociodemographic Data Form, Addiction Profile Index (API), Perceived Social Support from Family Scale (PSS-Fa), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and Treatment Motivation Questionnaire were applied to patients before the treatment program. Results: At the end of three months follow-up period 55 (59.1%) of the 93 patients were treatment-incompatible while 38 (40.9%) were treatment-compatible. When the tests results are examined; the craving subscale score of API had significantly higher and the PSS-Fa scores had significantly lower in the treatment-incompatible group than the treatment-compatible group. Conclusion: In our study, craving and low perceived family support were found to be factors affecting treatment compliance in patients with SUD on probation. These results emphasized the importance of including the family in the treatment program, evaluating craving at each session and providing pharmacological or psychotherapeutic support for craving.Öğe Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire in Men on Probation for Substance Use and a Healthy Control Group(TURKIYE SINIR VE RUH SAGLIGI DERNEGI, PK 401, YENISEHIR 06442, Turkiye, 2025) Altun, Seval Birdal; Luyten, Patrick; Karabulut, Vahap; Evren, Cüneyt; Bongard, StephanObjective: Mentalization is defined as the capacity to reflect on one’s own mental state and the mental states of others. The primary aim of this study is to translate the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), which measures mentalization, into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties. In addition, reflective capacities of male adults on probation due to substance use were investigated and compared with the control group. Methods: The questionnaire was translated into Turkish using a forward-backward-forward method and administered to 219 adults with no prior psychiatric history, as well as 205 substance-using male adults. Participants also completed a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring empathy, mindfulness, theory of mind, alexithymia, and impulsivity. Additionally, the substance-using group completed the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test to assess the severity of their drug use. Results: The results indicate configural invariance of the original two-factor structure of the RFQ across the Turkish-speaking healthy control group and substance-using male adults, as well as satisfactory reliability and construct validity for the two subscales. The reflective functioning scores of the substance-using group were not significantly different from those of the control group. Discussion: This study demonstrates the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the RFQ. Despite no significant differences in RF scores between the groups, the findings highlight the significance of further exploring reflective functioning in individuals with substance use.Öğe Relationship between Suicide Attempt History and Borderline Personality Disorder, Aggression, Impulsivity, and Self-Mutilative Behavior among Male Inpatients with Substance Use Disorder(AVES, BUYUKDERE CAD 105-9, MECIDIYEKOY, SISLI, ISTANBUL 34394, TURKEY, 2021) Karabulut, Vahap; Evren, Cüneyt; Alnıak, İzgi; Çarkcı, Özlem Helin; Umut, Gökhan; Çetin, Turan; Yılmaz Çengel, HanifeObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between lifetime history of suicide attempt (HSA) and borderline personality disorder (BPD), aggression, impulsivity, and selfmutilative behavior (SMB) in a sample of male inpatients with substance use disorder (SUD). Method: The sample included 132 male inpatients with alcohol or opioid use disorder. The participants were evaluated using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, the Short Form of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11-SF), and a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II) for BPD. Results: The mean age was lower in the group with HSA (n = 52, 39.4%) compared to the group without HSA (n = 80, 60.6%), whereas no difference was found between the groups in terms of duration of education, alcohol or opioid use disorder, marital status, and employment status. The rate of BPD and SMB and aggression and impulsivity scores were higher among those with lifetime HSA. According to linear regression analysis, although BPD, anger, and non-planning impulsivity predicted HSA, when SMB was included in the analysis BPD was no longer a predictor. SMB, on the other hand, predicted HSA together with anger and non-planning impulsivity. Conclusion: While BPD and HSA are associated, SMB seems to have a mediating role in this relationship. In addition, anger and non-planning impulsivity may have a partial mediating role in the relationship between BPD and HSA among patients with SUD.Öğe The relationship of alexithymia with difficulty in emotional regulation, anxiety, and depression symptoms in a group of patients receiving opioid maintenance treatment(Pacini Editore, 2021) Karabulut, Vahap; Evren, Cüneyt; Alnıak, İzgi; Çarkcı, Özlem Helin; Yılmaz Çengel, HanifeBackground: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between alexithymia and emotion regulation difficulties in a group of patients receiving opioid (buprenorphine). Methods: The study was directed to the problems of inpatients in the Alcohol and Substance Dependence Service of Bakirkoy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital. Data from 90 patients with opioid use disorders were evaluated. The following scales were adminstered to each of the patients participating: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory I-II (STAI I-II), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Results: 54.4% of the patients were found to have alexithymia or possible alexithymia. There were no statistically significant differences between those who had alexithymia and those who were free of it in terms of age, years of education, age at first substance use, duration of heroin use, marital status, and employment status. The alexithymic patients scored significantly higher than the non-alexithymic patients on DERS (104.35 +/- 16.70 vs. 77.88 +/- 12.48, p>0.001), STAI-I (37.69 +/- 9.42 vs. 33.15 +/- 6.68, p=0.009), and STAI-II (50.10 +/- 7.27 vs. 40.20 +/- 6.29, p>0.001). The BDI scores (17.81 +/- 12.40 vs. 11.31 +/- 12.90, p=0.056) did not differ significantly between the two groups. The MANCOVA analysis showed that difficulty in identifying feelings as a subdimension of alexithymia was predicted by trait anxiety and the awareness, strategies, and clarity subscales of DERS, and the externally-oriented thinking subdimension of alexithymia was predicted by the awareness subscale of DERS. Linear regression analysis showed that difficulty in emotion regulation (with special reference to clarity, strategies, and goals subscales), taken together with trait anxiety, predicted the severity of alexithymia. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that, in particular, the clarity, strategies, and goal subscales of DERS, along with trait anxiety, are associated with the severity of alexithymia in those with opioid use disorder who are receiving maintenance therapy with buprenorphine.Öğe Reliability and Validity of Turkish Version of DSM-5 Substance Use Scale(TURKIYE SINIR VE RUH SAGLIGI DERNEGI, PK 401, YENISEHIR 06442, Turkiye, 2024) Alçı, Deniz; Sarıkavak, Talat; Evren, Cüneyt; Karabulut, Vahap; Çetin, Turan; Aydemir, Ömer; Dsm-5 Scale Working GroupObjective: This study aims to evaluate the severity of substance use disorders according to the DSM-5 criteria and to show the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Substance Use Scale that improved to learn what kind of substances are used. Methods: In this study,54 in or out-patients who met the criteria for any substance use disorder according to DSM-5 and who are receiving treatment in Psychiatry Department of Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine and AMATEM department of Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mahzar Osman Mental Health and Neurology Training and Research Hospital, were included. One hundred volunteers without any mental or physical disease were also recruited as the control group. Beside the DSM-5 Level 2 substance use scale, Addiction Profile İndex was used for concurrent validity. Internal consistency coefficient and item-total correlation analysis were performed for reliability analysis. ROC Analysis was used in the validity analysis. Results: Mean age was 26.97±10.20 years in the study group and 39% of the sample (n=60) were female. 5.6% (n=3) of the patient group were female and 94.4% (n=51) were male. In the control group, 57% (n=57) were female and 43% (n=43) were male. Of the patients diagnosed with substance use disorder (n=54), 88.7% had opiate use disorder, 5.6% had polysubstance use disorder, 5.6% had other (unknown) substance (synthetic cannabinoid) use disorder and 1.8% of patients have cannabis use disorder. The internal consistency of the substance use scale was 0.80 and item-total correlation coefficients were between 0,196- 0,643 (p<0.0001). Coefficient of correlation analysis with API was calculated as r=0.806 (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The results showed that DSM-5 Substance Use Scale is a valid and reliable questionnaire that can be used to measure the progress of different dimensions of alcohol and substance use.Öğe Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale for Metamphetamine Abusers: Reliability and Validity Study of the Turkish Version(Aves, 2023) Turan, Çetin; Budak, Ersin; Şenormancı, Güliz; Evren, Cüneyt; Ünal, Süheyla; Yalçınkaya, Elvan Açıkgöz; Şenormancı, ÖmerBackground: This study aims to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish adaptation of the 16-item Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale (RRAS) for methamphetamine abusers. Methods: A total of 160 patients diagnosed with methamphetamine use disorder were included in this study to evaluate the validity and reliability of the scale. The comparison of the relationship between the Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale, the Substance Craving Scale, and the Relapse Prediction Scale was also carried out. The validity of the Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale was examined in the first step by exploratory factor analysis. The suitability of the data for exploratory factor analysis was evaluated by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and Barlett's test. Cronbach's a coefficient and corrected itemtotal correlation value were used to test the reliability of the scale. The validity results of Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale were tested by confirmatory factor analysis. The significance level was set at P < .05 for all analyses. Results: Considering the examination of the internal consistency values of the Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale, Cronbach's a value was detected to be 0.90, and Cronbach's a value of the subscales ranged from 0.72 to 0.90. The study determined that the goodness of fit values for RRAS were x(2)/df = 2.13, P <.001, goodness of fit index = 0.88, comparative fit index = 0.92, normed fit index = 0.86, Trucker-Lewis index = 0.90, root mean square error of approximation = 0.08, and standardized root mean squared residual = 0.06. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for assessing the risk of methamphetamine relapse in Turkish.Öğe The severity of non-planning impulsivity and cannabis use problems in distinguishing patients with synthetic cannabinoid use disorder and cannabis use disorder(KARE PUBL, CONCORD ISTANBUL, DUMLUPINAR MAH, CIHAN SK NO 15, B BLOK 162 KADIKOY, ISTANBUL 34720, TURKEY, 2021) Yılmaz Çengel, Hanife; Bozkurt, Müge; Evren, CüneytObjective: The present study aims to identify whether there is a difference between the synthetic cannabinoid (SC) and cannabis use disorder groups in terms of impulsivity and problems arising from substance use, as well as to determine the variables that distinguish SC use disorder cases from cannabis use disorder. Method: Fifty-two male patients with SC and 45 male patients with cannabis use disorder who were admitted to the AMATEM clinic of Bakirkoy Mental and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital were included in the study. The participants were evaluated using the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Cannabis Use Problems Identification Test (CUPIT), Adult Cannabis Problems Questionnaire (CPQ), and Cannabis Withdrawal Scale (CWS). Results: The SC use disorder group had higher rates of unemployment, suicide, and self-mutilation than the cannabis use disorder group. The SC use disorder group scored significantly higher than those with cannabis use disorder in BIS-11, CUPIT, CPQ total score and sub-scale scores, and CWS score. Conclusion: It was shown in our study that cases with SC use disorder had a higher risk of impulsivity and problematic substance use than those with cannabis use disorder, and the CUPIT-B and non-planning impulsiveness sub-scales were also predictors of SC use disorder.Öğe Stigma and gaming disorder: should we take a 'glass half full' or 'glass half empty' perspective?(Wiley, 2022) Pontes, Halley M.; Montag, Christian; Elhai, Jon D.; Monteiro, Ana V.; Evren, Cüneyt; Throuvala, Melina A.; Macur, Mirna[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive training improves decision making and executive functions in opioid use disorder: a triple-blind sham-controlled pilot study(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND, 2023) Aksu, Serkan; Soyata, Ahmet Zihni; Şeker, Sercan; Akkaya, Gözde; Yılmaz, Yasemin; Kafalı, Tuğba; Evren, Cüneyt; Umut, GökhanBackground: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic disorder with a considerable amount of morbidity and mortality. Despite remarkable improvement achieved by maintenance programs, an array of treatment goals were still unmet. Mounting evidence suggests that transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) improves decision making and cognitive functions in addictive disorders. tDCS paired with a decision making task was depicted to diminish impulsivity as well. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the effect of tDCS combined with cognitive training (CT) in OUD for the first time. Methods: In this triple-blind randomized sham-controlled pilot study, 38 individuals with OUD from the Buprenorphine-Naloxone Maintenance Therapy program were administered 20-minutes of 2?mA active/sham tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with concomitant cognitive training. A selected test battery evaluating decision making under risk and ambiguity as well as executive functions, verbal fluency and working memory was utilized before and after the intervention. Results: Greater improvements were observed in decision making under ambiguity (p?=?0.016), set shifting ability and alternating fluency while no improvements were observed in decision making under risk in the active group, compared to sham. Conclusions: Deficits of decision making and executive functions have a pivotal role in the perpetuation and the relapse of the OUD. Alleviation of these impairments brought tDCS/CT forth as an expedient neuroscientifically-grounded treatment option that merits further exploration in OUD, Trial registration: NCT05568251.
