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Öğe Assessing the protective effects of chard on valproic acid-induced pancreatic complications(NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR, DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA, 2024) Alev Tüzüner, Burçin; Ak, Esin; Tunalı, Sevim; İpekci, Hazal; Üstundağ, Ünsal Veli; Tunalı Akbay, Tuğba; Emekli Alturfan, Ebru; Çetinel, Şule; Yanardağ, Refiye; Yarat, Ayşen; Ahmad, SarfrazValproic acid (VPA) treatment is known to potentially cause adverse effects, notably as the most common cause of druginduced acute pancreatitis. It is crucial to balance the therapeutic benefits and potential major side effects of VPA administration. Complications associated with VPA may arise from toxic VPA metabolites and alterations in antioxidant levels. While chard is well-known for its anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant properties, there is a lack of research on its impact on the pancreas during VPA treatment. This study aimed to explore the possible protective effects of chard against VPA-induced complications in the pancreas using histological and biochemical approaches. Animals were separated into four groups: i) Control, ii) received chard (100 mg/kg), iii) received VPA (500 mg/kg), and iv) received VPA+Chard (in the same dosages and time). On the eighth day, the rats’ pancreatic tissue and blood specimens were collected. In the Chard and VPA+Chard groups, chard decreased blood glucose levels compared to the control and VPA groups. In comparison to the VPA group, the VPA+Chard group pancreatic glutathione level and catalase activity increased whereas malondialdehyde levels decreased. Furthermore, administration of chard to the control and VPA groups increased tissue factor activity and sialic acid level as compared to the VPA group. The histological findings confirmed the biochemical results. It is therefore concluded that chard has the potential to protect pancreatic tissue from VPA-induced complications by reducing lipid peroxidation and blood glucose while enhancing antioxidants and sialic acid levels.Öğe Brain in metabolic syndrome model: The effect of exercises and caloric restriction(MARMARA UNIV, GOZTEPE CAMPUS, KADIKOY, ISTANBUL 34722, TURKEY, 2022) Alev Tüzüner, Burçin; Genç Kahraman, Nevin; İpekçi, Hazal; Üstündağ, Ünsal Veli; Tunalı Akbay, Tuğba; Emekli Alturfan, Ebru; Şener, Göksel; Yarat, AyşenCaloric restriction (CR) and exercise (EX) have impacts on improving metabolic risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the brain after EX and/or CR in metabolic syndrome (MeS) induced by a high fructose diet in rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups. Drinking water including 10% fructose solution was given to rats for 12 weeks to develop a MeS rat model. Animals with MeS were submitted to EX and/or CR for 6 weeks. Blood glucose, and brain tissue damage and antioxidant parameters were measured. Brain lipid peroxidation, sialic acid, mucin, fucose levels increased in the MeS group compared to the control (C) group. These parameters reduced significantly in the metabolic syndrome with caloric restriction (MeS+CR) group, and more significantly in the metabolic syndrome with exercise and caloric restriction group (MeS+EXCR), compared to the MeS group. Glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities decreased in the MeS group compared to the C group, increased both in the MeS+CR group, and MeS+EXCR group compared to the MeS group. High fructose diet consumption can lead to brain tissue damage and decreased antioxidant levels were found to be improved best in the MeS+EXCR group.Öğe Chard extract increased gastric sialic acid and ameliorated oxidative stress in valproic acid-administered rats(ScientificWebJournals (SWJ) Özkan Özden, 2023) Tüzüner Alev, Burçin; Tunalı, Sevim; Üstündağ, Ünsal Veli; İpekçi, Hazal; Emekli Alturfan, Ebru; Tunalı Akbay, Tuğba; Yanardağ, Refiye; Yarat, AyşenValproic acid, one of the most used drugs for epilepsy patients, has some known side effects. Chard extract has many pharmacological activities. The study aims to evaluate whether valproic acid might interfere with oxidative metabolism in gastric tissue and whether chard ameliorates these effects. The Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n=8); control, chard-given control, valproic acid, and chard-given valproic acid. The aqueous extracts of chard leaves were given 1 h before the administration of valproic acid for 7 days. On the 8th day, the animals were sacrificed under anesthesia and gastric tissues were homogenized. When compared to the control group, valproic acid significantly increased malondialdehyde and catalase activity, while superoxide dismutase activity decreased. Chard administration increased glutathione and, sialic acid levels and decreased malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase activity in the valproic acid group. Based on these findings, since chard increased gastric sialic acid levels, we may suggest that chard may protect gastric mucosa may be through its antioxidant effects.Öğe Effects of Exercise and Calorie Restriction on Brain and Testis in Natural Aging Model(İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınevi, 2021) Hakgüder, Umay; Üstündağ, Ünsal Veli; Alev Tüzüner, Burçin; Genç, Nevin; İpekçi, Hazal; Özçelik, Reyhan; Tunalı Akbay, Tuğba; Şener, Göksel; Yarat, Ayşen; Emekli Alturfan, EbruThe aim of our study was to examine the effects of exercise and calorie restriction on various tissue damage and antioxidant parameters in the brain and testis of rats in a natural aging model. For this purpose, male Sprague-Dawley rats were the control group (C), the elderly (A), the elderly with calorie restriction (ACR), the elderly who were exercised (AE) and the elderly who were exercised with calorie restriction (ACRE), they were divided into 5 groups. The control group was composed of three-month-old animals. The other group consisted of 15-month-old rats. Exercise and calorie restriction were applied for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and tissue factor (TF) were determined in brain and testicular tissues homogenates. As a result of the study, the A group’s brain and testis LPO, NO levels and TF activity increased, GSH levels and SOD, CAT and GST activities decreased, when compared to the C group. As a result of our study, an increase in oxidant damage was observed with TF activity in the brain and testis in the natural aging model, and positive effects of exercise and calorie restriction on the antioxidant levels in the brain were determined, especially in aging.Öğe Exercise and Caloric Restriction Improves Liver Damage in Metabolic Syndrome Model(İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınevi, 2021) Genç Kahraman, Nevin; Alev Tüzüner, Burçin; İpekçi, Hazal; Üstündağ, Ünsal Veli; Tunali Akbay, Tuğba; Emekli Alturfan, Ebru; Şener, Göksel; Yarat, AyşenObjective: Detecting the level of antioxidant and tissue damage that can occur in liver tissue induced metabolic syndrome by a high fructose diet in rats and the changes after exercise and/or caloric restriction. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups: control (C), metabolic syndrome (M), metabolic syndrome with exercise (ME), metabolic syndrome with caloric restriction (MCR), and metabolic syndrome with exercise and caloric restriction (MECR). To induce metabolic syndrome, a 10% fructose solution was given to rats in drinking water for 3 months. Exercise and caloric restriction were applied to the related groups for 6 weeks after the induction of metabolic syndrome. Glucose in the blood, lipid peroxidation (LPO), sialic acid (SA), hexosamine, mucin, fucose, glutathione (GSH) levels, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tissue factor (TF), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-Stransferase (GST) activities were measured in rat liver homogenates. Results: In the liver, LPO levels increased and TF activities decreased in the M group compared to the C group and increased in the MCR and MECR groups compared to M group. GSH levels, SOD, and CAT activities decreased in M compared to C group and increased more significantly in MECR group compared to M group. SA levels increased in MCR and MECR groups compared with M group. Fucose levels also increased in MECR compared with the all others. Conclusion: Liver tissue damage that occurs after a fructose diet and decreased antioxidant levels was shown to improve best in combined exercise and caloric restriction treatment (MECR group).Öğe Potential Protective Role of Radicut in Valproic Acid-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Spleen(İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Yayınları / Istanbul Gelisim University Press, 2024) Oktay, Nihal Şehkar; Alev Tüzüner, Burçin; Tunalı, Sevim; Emekli Alturfan, Ebru; Tunalı Akbay, Tuğba; Yanardağ, Refiye; Yarat, AyşenAim: The study aims to evaluate the potential protective role of Radicut (RAD) in Valproic acid (VPA)- induced oxidative stress in splenic tissues of rats. Method: Rats were divided into groups as follows: Group 1: Controls (n=8), Group II: R: RAD-given group (30 mg/kg/day, n=8), Group III: V: VPA-given group (0.5 g/kg/day, n=10), Group IV: V+R: VPA+RADgiven group (30 mg/kg/day, n=11). VPA, RAD, and VPA+RAD were given to the animals for 7 days (i.p). Biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress were determined in spleen homogenates. Results: VPA elevated oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and sialic acid levels, increasing alkaline phosphatase activity, and decreasing superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S- transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Administration of RAD to VPA-given group decreased LPO, SA levels, and acid phosphatase levels, and increased tissue factor, SOD, GST, and GPx activities. Conclusion: RAD reversed the biochemical results in the V group, by clarifying its protective effect. RAD has the potential to prevent oxidative stress during VPA treatment, which could be beneficial.Öğe The Effects of Lipoic Acid on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Lungs of Valproic Acid-Treated Rats(Turkish Chemical Society, 2024) Alev Tüzüner, Burçin; Türkyılmaz Mutlu, İsmet Burcu; İpekçi, Hazal; Üstündağ, Ünsal Veli; Tunalı Akbay, Tuğba; Emekli Alturfan, Ebru; Yanardağ, Refiye; Yarat, AyşenIn this experimental study, the effect of lipoic acid (LA) on lung damage caused by valproic acid (VPA) was investigated. The antioxidant, oxidative stress, and inflammation indicators such as glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), nitric oxide (NO), sialic acid (SA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and tissue factor (TF) were examined. Sprague Dawley rats were used, and they were randomly divided into four groups as follows: Control group, LA group received 50 mg LA/kg/day for 15 days, VPA group received 500 mg VPA/kg/day for 15 days, and VPA+LA group received the same doses of VPA and LA for 15 days. On day 16, lung tissues were taken. VPA caused the decreases in GSH, SA and SOD values and the increases LPO, NO, and TF values. LA reversed the changes in GSH, SOD, and TF values. GST and CAT activities did not change significantly by the effect of VPA or LA. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect of VPA on MPO, which is an inflammatory marker, and the prooxidant effects of LA causing the increases in both LPO and MPO values were observed in lung tissue. These regulations may help LA to overcome oxidative stress caused by VPA in the lung. Further studies are needed to confirm the mechanism underlying VPA-induced MPO inhibition in the lung.Öğe The effects of lipoic acid on rat submandibular salivary gland in valproic acid induced oxidative stress(National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, 2025) Alev Tüzüner, Burçin; Türkyılmaz Mutlu, İsmet Burcu; İpekçi, Hazal; Üstündağ, Ünsal Veli; Tunalı Akbay, Tuğba; Emekli Alturfan, Ebru; Akyüz, Serap; Yanardağ, Refiye; Yarat, Ayşen; Ahmad, SarfrazValproic acid (VA), an anticonvulsant drug, has been associated with various toxic effects, primarily through the induction of oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective role of alpha lipoic acid (LA), a potent antioxidant, against VA-induced oxidative damage in rat submandibular salivary glands. Control, LA, VA, and VA+LA are groups. LA was given 1 h prior to VA administration. After 16 days VA injection, the rats were decapitated, and submandibular salivary glands were taken, homogenized, and examined by biochemical analyses. Biochemical analyses showed that submandibular salivary gland glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-Stransferase (GST) activities decreased; malondialdehyde (MDA), sialic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, tissue factor activity increased significantly in the VA group compared to the control group. No significant changes were found in catalase and myeloperoxidase activities. In the VA group, LA administration caused significant increases in GSH and NO levels; decreases in MDA, SA levels and SOD, GST activities. These findings suggest that LA may offer a protective effect against VA-induced oxidative damage in the salivary glands, potentially through its antioxidant properties. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of LA in mitigating oxidative stress and tissue damage induced by VA.
