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    New Age Borders Obtained from Spot Photoscreener by Using Multivariate Cluster Analysis
    (Pera Yayıncılık Hizmetleri, 2022) Bulut, Erkan; Çelik, Yusuf; Dayi, Özlem; Bulut, Hatice
    Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze all the variables obtained from photoscreener using hierarchical cluster analysis to create more homogeneous age groups for more reliable and consistent measurement by photoscreener. Methods: The variables obtained from photoscreener examination of consecutive children who attended the ophthalmology department were evaluated. Medical records of the children were evaluated to ontain data including refractive parameters, deviation angle, pupil diameter variables and the calculated spherical equivalent, the cylindrical power vector J0, J45 values. These variables were analyzed by the multivariate cluster analysis. Results: Based on a dendrogram, 4 main clusters of similar quality variables were created. The calculated spherical equivalent decreased gradually from cluster I to IV, from 0.745 D to –0.235 D. The average pupil size in the Ist cluster was 5.06 mm, while in the IVth cluster, it was 6.38 mm. The proposed new age borders are distinct and statistically significant (P <.001). The ultimate proposed new age borders were found as 1-20, 21-64, 65-101, and 102-120 months, respectively. Conclusions: We proposed new age borders for the evaluation of refraction and pupil size of children which create new groups with a statistically different and homogeneous distribution. The proposed new age borders in this research would provide more reliable and consistent measurement results for clinical diagnosis.
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    Obez ve Sağlıklı Çocuklarda Koroid Kalınlığının Klinik İlişkisi: Makine Öğrenimi Çalışması
    (Erkan Mor, 2023) Bulut, Erkan; Köprübaşı, Sümeyra; Dayi, Özlem; Bulut, Hatice
    Amaç: “Random forest” (RF), “support vector machine” (SVM) ve “multilayer perceptrons” (MLP) algoritmalarının performansını karşılaştırarak maküler koroid kalınlığı (MKT) ve peripapiller koroid kalınlığının (PPKT) obez ve sağlıklı çocukların sınıflandırılması üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmek. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu prospektif karşılaştırmalı çalışmada yaşları 6-15 arasında olan 59 obez çocuk ve 35 sağlıklı çocuk optik koherens tomografi kullanılarak incelendi. MKT ve PPKT, fovea ve optik diskten 500 µm, 1.000 µm ve 1.500 µm mesafelerde ölçüldü. Çıkarılan tüm özelliklerin en belirgin olanlarını belirlemek için üç farklı özellik seçim algoritması kullanıldı. Çıkarılan özelliklerin sınıflandırma etkinliği, RF, SVM ve MLP algoritmaları kullanılarak analiz edildi ve bunların obezleri sağlıklı çocuklardan ayırt etmedeki etkinlikleri gösterildi. Ölçümlerin kesinliği ve güvenilirliği kappa analizi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Korelasyon özellik seçimi algoritması, farklı özellik seçim yöntemleri arasında en başarılı sınıflandırma sonuçlarını üretmiştir. Obez ve sağlıklı grupları birbirinden ayırmada en belirgin özellikler PPKT temporal 500 µm, PPKT temporal 1.500 µm, PPKT nazal 1.500 µm, PPKT inferior 1.500 µm ve subfoveal MKT idi. RF, SVM ve MLP algoritmaları için sınıflandırma oranları sırasıyla %98,6, %96,8 ve %89 idi. Sonuç: Obezite, özellikle subfoveal bölgede ve optik disk başından 1.500 µm uzaklıktaki dış yarım dairede olmak üzere çocukların koroidal kalınlıkları üzerinde etkilidir. Hem RF hem de SVM algoritmaları, obez ve sağlıklı çocukları sınıflandırmada etkili ve doğru yöntemlerdir.
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    Ocular Biometry Characteristics and its Relationship with Age, Gender, Spherical Equivalent in Turkish Children
    (WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS, WOLTERS KLUWER INDIA PVT LTD, A-202, 2ND FLR, QUBE, C T S NO 1498A-2 VILLAGE MAROL, ANDHERI EAST, MUMBAI, Maharashtra 400059, INDIA, 2022) Dayi, Özlem; Bulut, Erkan; Karadağ, Mevlüde; Bulut, Hatice
    Background: Studying ocular biometric parameters in different populations and determining the relationship with personal characteristics can provide valuable information about ocular growth and help provide a better understanding of refractive errors. Aims: To describe distributions of ocular biometry and to evaluate its associations with age, gender, spheric equivalent in Turkish children. Patients and Methods: In this prospective study 344 children aged 3-14 years were evaluated. Parameters studied included axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and mean corneal radius (CR) measured with optical biometry. Cycloplegic refraction values were obtained using autorefractometer. The change of biometric parameters according to age and gender were evaluated. The relationship between ocular biometry parameters with refraction and age was analyzed by linear regression. Results: Mean spherical equivalent (SE), AL, ACD and AL/CR observed to be lowest in the preschooler group (P < 0.001). SE reduced with age, and a weak correlation observed between SE and age (r = ?0.333). AL and ACD had moderate and weak positive correlations with age respectively (r = 0.511; r = 0.304). There were negative correlations between SE with AL, ACD and AL/CR (r = -0.826; r = -0.540; r = -0.886). The strongest correlation with SE among these parameters was identified for AL/CR. AL and ACD were higher in boys, while the CR was lower in girls (p < 0.001). Conclusion: While AL in children in late schooler group is higher than European countries, it shows similar characteristics in early schooler group. In addition AL is lower in all age groups than Asian population sexcept preschooler group. With age AL increases, SE decreases and AL plays a key role in refractive development.