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    Smart grid projects in Europe: Current status, maturity and future scenarios
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2015) Colak, Ilhami; Fulli, Gianluca; Sagiroglu, Seref; Yesilbudak, Mehmet; Covrig, Catalin-Felix
    The attention on the smart grids and smart grid technologies has grown significantly over the last few years. The analysis made in this study is grounded on the smart grid projects database of the Joint Research Centre (European Commission). The European smart grid projects are analyzed among others in terms of: number, countries, duration and collaboration. Additionally, an analysis is done regarding the annual number of starting and concluded/planned to be concluded projects, the total number of participants per year, the distribution of smart grid applications per stage of development, year and EU country and an overview of the investments in the European smart grid projects is provided. Afterwards a forecast is done regarding the number of projects. As a result of graphical and predictive analyses, many essential inferences are achieved related to the current status and the anticipated short-term trends of smart grid projects. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    A survey on the critical issues in smart grid technologies
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2016) Colak, Ilhami; Sagiroglu, Seref; Fulli, Gianluca; Yesilbudak, Mehmet; Covrig, Catalin-Felix
    The hierarchical and the centrally-controlled grid topology of existing electrical power systems has remained unchanged over the 20th century. On the other hand, there is a rapid increase in the cost of fossil fuels coupled with the inability of utility companies to expand their generation capacity in line with the rising electricity demand, without modernizing the grid. For these reasons, it is needed to modernize the existing power grids and consequently smart power grids have emerged. Unlike the benefits and features ensured by smart grids, this paper provides a detailed survey of the critical challenges in smart grids in terms of information and communication technologies, sensing, measurement, control and automation technologies, power electronics and energy storage technologies. It is expected that this paper will lead to the better understanding of potential constraints in smart grid technologies. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.