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Öğe Effects of urbanization and international trade on economic growth, productivity, and employment: Case of selected countries in Africa(Cell Press, 2024) Celik, Ali; Bajja, Salwa; Radoine, Hassan; Chenal, Jerome; Bouyghrissi, SoufianeThe rapid urbanization taking place in Africa is resulting in the emergence of large urban agglomerations. Despite the potential and typical economic benefits associated with the emergence of such agglomerations elsewhere, not much can be said of Africa's urbanization. With urbanization projections pointing to a continued increase, there is a need to understand the urbanization and economic dynamics relationship in order to exploit the full potential of this wave. Using a panel data set of urbanization rate, trade, economic growth, productivity and employment in six African countries for the period 1991-2019, we explore this relationship by adopting the crosssectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach using data from six African countries. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between urbanization, international trade, economic growth, productivity, and employment. they also show a causal relationship between the variables studied. In addition, the findings of this study reveal that international trade contributes, significantly, to improving the productivity in long run and the economic growth and employment increase the productivity in short run and employment in the selected African countries. This research study, therefore, contributes to the critical argument that African urbanization and international trade have significant economic potential and therefore need to be encouraged and managed effectively. This provides evidence for planners and policymakers to back policy geared toward sustainable urbanization and diversified international trade that will contribute to the structural transformation of African countries.Öğe Effects of urbanization and international trade on economic growth, productivity, and employment: Case of selected countries in Africa(CELL PRESS, 50 HAMPSHIRE ST, FLOOR 5, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139, 2024) Çelik, Ali; Bajja, Salwa; Radoine, Hassan; Chenal, Jerome; Bouyghrissi, SoufianeThe rapid urbanization taking place in Africa is resulting in the emergence of large urban agglomerations. Despite the potential and typical economic benefits associated with the emergence of such agglomerations elsewhere, not much can be said of Africa’s urbanization. With urbanization projections pointing to a continued increase, there is a need to understand the urbanization and economic dynamics relationship in order to exploit the full potential of this wave. Using a panel data set of urbanization rate, trade, economic growth, productivity and employment in six African countries for the period 1991–2019, we explore this relationship by adopting the crosssectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach using data from six African countries. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between urbanization, international trade, economic growth, productivity, and employment. they also show a causal relationship between the variables studied. In addition, the findings of this study reveal that international trade contributes, significantly, to improving the productivity in long run and the economic growth and employment increase the productivity in short run and employment in the selected African countries. This research study, therefore, contributes to the critical argument that African urbanization and international trade have significant economic potential and therefore need to be encouraged and managed effectively. This provides evidence for planners and policymakers to back policy geared toward sustainable urbanization and diversified international trade that will contribute to the structural transformation of African countries.Öğe Environmental degradation in emerging-market economies of Africa: evaluating impacts of human capital development, international trade, renewable energy consumption, and urbanization(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE CH-1015, SWITZERLAND, 2024) Bajja, Salwa; El-Bouayady, Rachida; Çelik, Ali; Ahmed, Zahoor; Radoine, HassanThis research explores the impact of human capital development, international trade, financial development, renewable energy consumption, and urbanization on environmental degradation in emerging-market economies in Africa. The study adopts a quantitative approach using panel data from 8 African countries between 1991 and 2021. The study adopted the method of Mean Group Dynamic Least Squares and Method of moments quantile regression methods to estimate the empirical relationship between the variables of interest. The findings indicate that urbanization, energy consumption, economic growth, and human capital development have significant and positive effects on environmental degradation, while financial development, renewable energy consumption, manufacturing activities, and international trade have a significant negative effect on environmental degradation. The study concludes that policymakers in emergingmarket economies in Africa need to promote financial development and renewable energy consumption while simultaneously addressing the negative impacts of urbanization on the environment to achieve sustainable economic growth.Öğe How effective are transport energy consumption, trade openness, and financial development in achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs)? What are the realities and myths for selected African countries?(ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2025) Bajja, Salwa; Çelik, Ali; Fumey, Michael ProvideThis research paper explores the nexus of urban development in some selected African economies, urban transport energy consumption, and their combined effects on environmental quality in four African countries. Using data from 1990 to 2021 on transport energy consumption and environmental quality with insights into urban policies, the research sheds light on the challenges and prospects within the region’s urbanization. The findings, by using the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) method, show that the relationship between openness to trade and CO2 emissions differs significantly between countries. In highly industrialized economies like South Africa, trade openness increases emissions because it is associated with the growth of carbon-intensive industries. Conversely, in lowly developed nations like Kenya, the link between trade openness and emissions is weak, implying that industrial composition is crucial in controlling the environmental impacts of trade. The findings for economic growth show varied outcomes, and trade openness depends on the countries involved. The empirical analysis also supports the first hypothesis, which indicates a statistically significant positive association between transport energy utilization and CO2 emissions. They highlight escalating energy demands in transportation and associated environmental impacts, underscoring the need for policy interventions to promote sustainable alternatives. This research provides essential insights for policymakers and urban planners, offering a nuanced understanding of the complex relationships between urban development and sustainable urban transport and their implications for energy consumption and environmental sustainability in Africa, thus emphasizing the urgency of adopting sustainable practices to effectively guide the region’s urbanization.Öğe Human capital and manufacturing activities under environmentally-driven urbanization in the MENA region(FRONTIERS MEDIA SAAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE CH-1015, SWITZERLAND, 2024) Bajja, Salwa; Radoine, Hassan; Çelik, Ali; Dakyaga, Francis; Damrah, SadeqMiddle East and North Africa (MENA) region possesses immense capacity for renewable energy generation. Despite the potential, most countries in the region are yet to fully embrace renewable energy. Non-renewable sources still dominate their energy mix. This study examines the interplay between urbanization, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, and environmental quality in the six Middle Eastern and North African countries from 1990 to 2021, using the mean group (MG), the mean group dynamic least squares (DOLSMG), the common correlated effect (CCE), augmented mean group (AMG) and the cross-section augmented ARDL (CS–ARDL). Accounting for urbanization, and economic growth, the findings of DOLSMG indicate that while renewable energy and manufacturing activities significantly contribute to environmental quality, urbanization and human capital development significantly contributes to environmental degradation. The CS-ARDL short-term and long run estimation result showed that manufacturing activities significantly contribute to environmental quality, When examined by country, it was found that there is a unidirectional causal relationship from economic growth, manufacturing value added, urbanization, human capital development to dioxide emissions in Saudi Arabia. While there is a unidirectional causality from manufacturing value added to dioxide emissions in Jordan, and a unidirectional causality from urbanization to dioxide emissions in Tunisia.Öğe Modelling the dynamics of urbanization for urban sustainability in West Africa(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Radoine, Hassan; Bajja, Salwa; Dakyaga, Francis; Çelik, Ali; Kamana, Alanda; Yakubu, Hassan; Chenal, JeromeThe West African region, one of the largest urban agglomerations in Africa has over decades experienced rapid rate of urbanization. The urbanization processes have been associated with manifold environmental and socioeconomic challenges including inefficient urban infrastructure, unaffordable housing, poor sanitation and informal settlements. Urban scholars following the rise of urbanization and climate change in West Africa have advocated for policies and programmes towards the reduction of carbon footprints and sustainable human settlements, while emphasizing on the needs to plan for urban sustainability. Yet limited studies have so far analysed the dynamics of urbanization in West Africa, especially in relations to sustainability. Motivated by the evolving debates on urban sustainability, this study contributes to urban planning discourse, by exploring the dynamics of energy consumption, gross domestic product, employment levels and productivity in six countries in West Africa and demonstrate the implications for urban sustainability. Using the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR)-Mean Group (MG) model, we analysed annual data from 1991 to 2018 of Urban Population Growth, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, and Greenhouse gas emissions. The study revealed variation across the selected countries in terms of rate of urbanization, productivity, and energy consumption. The results suggest the need for commonalities as well as differentiated approaches towards improving urban environmental quality for urban sustainability. Furthermore, while there is a need to promote green urban infrastructure, concerted efforts are required towards promoting sustainable urban environmental quality. © 2024 The Authors
