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    Gender stereotypes in Nigerian films as a portrayal of the African womanhood: A feminist perspective
    (BRILL, PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS, 2020) Alola, Mary I.; Alola, Uju Violet
    This article examines gender stereotypes in Nigerian movies, which serves as a representation of the African womanhood. Drawing on a feminist critic perspective, the study analyzes how African womanhood and men are portrayed in Nollywood films, and also identifies the most commonly employed gender-stereotypical portrayals in these films. The theoretical framework of the study draws from feminist film theory. Findings in the study reveal that gender-stereotypical representation is highly persistent in Nollywood films, where women are often portrayed in roles that depict them as sex objects, weak, and often dependent on men. Men, on the other hand, are often depicted to be independent, successful, and breadwinners. Women are often portrayed in domesticated and traditional roles, while the men in these films take up professional and leadership roles. Analysis in the study shows that, most commonly employed female stereotypes include femme fatale, career woman, trophy wives, primary caregivers (i.e., wives, mothers), dependent, lazy, and secondary to men. This study offers the pros and cons of the representation of African womanhood through these Nigerian films and the need to address the rising potential anticultural stereotypes.
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    The role of income and gender unemployment in divorce rate among the OECD countries
    (WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA, 2020) Alola, Andrew Adewale; Arikewuyo, Abdulgaffar O.; Saint Akadiri, Seyi; Alola, Mary I.
    Economic stability is one of the most important factors to consider when examining marriage sustainability or divorce. Consequently, the current study examined the influence of income and gender unemployment on divorce in a panel study of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries over the period 1995-2016. Empirical results show that gross domestic product per capita as a measure of income level has a negative and significant impact on the divorce rate only in the long run. In addition, findings indicated that an increase in the female unemployment level would lead to a decrease in the divorce rate, while increase in male unemployment will lead to an increase in the divorce rate in the long run. Based on the results, we infer that for individuals to sustain their romantic relationships, income sustainability is highly essential. The implication of our findings is that economic stability measured by the income level of an individual is highly essential in achieving marital stability in a romantic relationship. Hence, the study offers useful policy directions for households, governments, and other stakeholders, especially in the OECD countries.