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    Tunned the structure and magnetic characteristics of noble metal (Pd)-doped Ba-Sr nanohexaferrites
    (Elsevier B. V., 2025) Algarou, N. A.; Aldakheel, R. K.; Almessiere, M. A.; Baykal, Abdülhadi; Güngüneş, H.; Çalışkan, S.; Mihmanlı, Ahmet
    In this study, various ratios of Pd-doped Ba-Sr nanohexaferrites (NHFs) were studied. All samples were produced via sol–gel combustion and were designated as Ba0.5Sr0.5Pd3xFe12-2xO19 (x ≤ 0.1) NHFs. Detailed examinations of the magnetic and structural features were conducted. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of a M-type HF phase, along with a small phase of iron oxide (Fe2O3) for some doping ratios. Both the SEM and TEM (Scanning and Transmission electron microscope respectively) revealed the formation of the hexagonal platelet morphology. The hyperfine parameters were determined by using Mossbauer ¨ spectroscopy. Pd2+ ions substituted Fe3+ ions at 12k site. The crystal symmetry not influenced by substitution. Fe3+ charge state was detected all samples. Magnetic properties are investigated through hysteresis loop analysis at room temperature (RT) and 10 K. Ms (saturation magnetization), Mr (remanence), Hc (coercivity), SQR (squareness ratio), and nB (experimental magnetic moment), were evaluated as a function of Pd doping. The pristine sample exhibited hard ferrimagnetic behavior with high Hc and Mr, while Pd-doped samples demonstrated reduced magnetic properties. Particularly, intermediate Pd concentrations (x = 0.04 and 0.06) resulted in slight increases in Ms. SQR values signify multidomain and single-domain nature for Pd-doped and undoped samples, respectively. XPS’ (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) broad spectrum of energies verified the presence of Ba, Sr, Pd, Fe, and O in the product.