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    Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Rhodanine-Based Azo Dyes and Their Use as Spectrophotometric Chemosensor for Fe3+ Ions
    (MDPI, ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND, 2020) Akram, Dana; Elhaty, Ismail A. M.; AlNeyadi, Shaikha S.
    This research includes the design and synthesis of new derivatives for rhodanine azo compounds (4a–c) containing a naphthalene ring. Physiochemical properties of the synthesized compounds were determined by their melting points, FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis spectroscopic techniques. The biological activities of the newly prepared azo rhodanine compounds were evaluated against some pathogenic bacteria using three different bacterial species including (Escherichia coli., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) and compared with amoxicillin as a reference drug. The results showed that our compounds have moderate-to-good vital activity against the mentioned pathogenic bacteria. The selectivity and sensitivity of the newly prepared rhodanine azo compounds with transition metals Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Fe3+ were studied using UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Among the synthesized azos, azo 4c showed affinity toward Fe3+ ions with an association constant of 4.63 × 108 M?1 . Furthermore, this azo showed high sensitivity toward Fe3+ ions with detection limits of 5.14 µM. The molar ratio and Benesi–Hildebrand methods confirmed the formation of complexes between azo 4c and Fe3+ with 1:2 binding stoichiometry. Therefore, azo 4c showed excellent potential for developing efficient Fe3+ chemosensors.
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    Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of rhodanine azo dyes as selective chemosensors for detection of iron(III)
    (Elsevier B.V., 2020) Akram, Dana; Elhaty, Ismail A. M.; AlNeyadi, Shaikha S.
    As the presence of (Fe3+) is strongly associated with many environmental and biomedical analysis, effective sensing methods are of great importance for monitoring Fe3+ levels in these systems. In this study, we synthesized a new rhodanine-based azo dye (4d) and compared it with compound (4c) which showed the best sensitivity and selectivity among our previously reported compounds. The interaction behaviors with Fe3+ ions using UV/vis, fluorescence, IR, and NMR spectrometric techniques were investigated. The spectroscopic characterization revealed that azo 4d showed high affinity towards Fe3+ ions with association constant of 5.35 × 108 M?1. Furthermore, it showed high sensitivity towards Fe3+ ions with detection limit of 7.05 µM. These results are almost similar to that of azo 4c. The molar ratio and Benesi–Hildebrand methods confirmed the formation of complexes between azo 4c,d and Fe3+ with 1:2 binding stoichiometry. NMR and IR analyses confirmed the coordination between Fe3+ and the nitrogen atom of the NH (hydrazone) group and the oxygen atom of the carbonyl (C=O) group. Owing to its good affinity and high sensitivity for Fe3+, azo 4d showed excellent potential for developing efficient Fe3+ chemosensors. © 2020