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    Assessing the protective effects of chard on valproic acid-induced pancreatic complications
    (NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR, DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA, 2024) Alev Tüzüner, Burçin; Ak, Esin; Tunalı, Sevim; İpekci, Hazal; Üstundağ, Ünsal Veli; Tunalı Akbay, Tuğba; Emekli Alturfan, Ebru; Çetinel, Şule; Yanardağ, Refiye; Yarat, Ayşen; Ahmad, Sarfraz
    Valproic acid (VPA) treatment is known to potentially cause adverse effects, notably as the most common cause of druginduced acute pancreatitis. It is crucial to balance the therapeutic benefits and potential major side effects of VPA administration. Complications associated with VPA may arise from toxic VPA metabolites and alterations in antioxidant levels. While chard is well-known for its anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant properties, there is a lack of research on its impact on the pancreas during VPA treatment. This study aimed to explore the possible protective effects of chard against VPA-induced complications in the pancreas using histological and biochemical approaches. Animals were separated into four groups: i) Control, ii) received chard (100 mg/kg), iii) received VPA (500 mg/kg), and iv) received VPA+Chard (in the same dosages and time). On the eighth day, the rats’ pancreatic tissue and blood specimens were collected. In the Chard and VPA+Chard groups, chard decreased blood glucose levels compared to the control and VPA groups. In comparison to the VPA group, the VPA+Chard group pancreatic glutathione level and catalase activity increased whereas malondialdehyde levels decreased. Furthermore, administration of chard to the control and VPA groups increased tissue factor activity and sialic acid level as compared to the VPA group. The histological findings confirmed the biochemical results. It is therefore concluded that chard has the potential to protect pancreatic tissue from VPA-induced complications by reducing lipid peroxidation and blood glucose while enhancing antioxidants and sialic acid levels.
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    The effects of lipoic acid on rat submandibular salivary gland in valproic acid induced oxidative stress
    (National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, 2025) Alev Tüzüner, Burçin; Türkyılmaz Mutlu, İsmet Burcu; İpekçi, Hazal; Üstündağ, Ünsal Veli; Tunalı Akbay, Tuğba; Emekli Alturfan, Ebru; Akyüz, Serap; Yanardağ, Refiye; Yarat, Ayşen; Ahmad, Sarfraz
    Valproic acid (VA), an anticonvulsant drug, has been associated with various toxic effects, primarily through the induction of oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective role of alpha lipoic acid (LA), a potent antioxidant, against VA-induced oxidative damage in rat submandibular salivary glands. Control, LA, VA, and VA+LA are groups. LA was given 1 h prior to VA administration. After 16 days VA injection, the rats were decapitated, and submandibular salivary glands were taken, homogenized, and examined by biochemical analyses. Biochemical analyses showed that submandibular salivary gland glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-Stransferase (GST) activities decreased; malondialdehyde (MDA), sialic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, tissue factor activity increased significantly in the VA group compared to the control group. No significant changes were found in catalase and myeloperoxidase activities. In the VA group, LA administration caused significant increases in GSH and NO levels; decreases in MDA, SA levels and SOD, GST activities. These findings suggest that LA may offer a protective effect against VA-induced oxidative damage in the salivary glands, potentially through its antioxidant properties. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of LA in mitigating oxidative stress and tissue damage induced by VA.