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Öğe A new perspective on social sustainability: examining Amazon workers’ working conditions and protests applying computational methods in social sciences(SPRINGER NATURE, CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, 2025) Çelik, Ali; Göktaş, Naim; Yıldız, EngincanThe regulation of workers’ working conditions is a crucial issue for achieving social sustainability. This research aims to investigate the reactions to the workers’ protests at Amazon, one of the world’s largest companies, in the context of the gig economy. The originality of the study lies in the analysis of 5500 comments from the YouTube channel on the subject in terms of social sustainability applying the computational methods in social sciences (CMSS). The analysis revealed some remarkable fndings. For example, it was found that the working conditions of Amazon workers contravene the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the United Nations (UN) defnition of decent work. It also found that the zero-hours contract, which is characteristic of the gig economy, and the negative externalities it creates, as well as extremely low wages, were among the most signifcant objections. These fndings are crucial for governments, international institutions and policymakers who are committed to social sustainability. It should be noted that it will be impossible to achieve social sustainability without raising labour standards. In particular, governments and institutions need to develop policies that are in favour of workers.Öğe AB-15 Ülkelerinde Teknolojik İlerleme ile Vasıflı ve Vasıfsız Kadın Emeği İlişkisi: Panel Eşanlı Denklem Sistemi Çözümlemesi(Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, 2022) Akdağ, Nuran; Çelik, AliÜretim araçlarındaki gelişmeler ve teknolojik ilerlemelerin tarihin akışına önemli ölçüde yön verdiğini söylemek mümkündür. Fakat teknolojik atılımlar sağlamış olduğu pek çok avantajın yanında, iklim değişikliği başta olmak üzere önemli sayıda sorunun da kaynağı olarak görülmektedir. Teknoloji-istihdam ilişkisi de sanayi devrimden bugüne güncelliğini her dönem koruyan bir araştırma ve tartışma konusudur. Bu çalışmada teknoloji ile kadın emeği ilişkisi incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı teknolojik gelişmelerin vasıflı ve vasıfsız kadın istihdamını hangi düzeyde etkilediğini saptamaktır. Bu doğrultuda teknolojik ilerlemenin vasıflı ve vasıfsız kadın emeğine etkisi 2000-2020 yılları arası için AB-15 (Avusturya, Belçika, Danimarka, Finlandiya, Fransa, Almanya, Yunanistan, İrlanda, İtalya, Lüksemburg, Hollanda, Portekiz, İspanya, İsveç ve İngiltere) ülkeleri ekseninde panel eşanlı denklem sistemi yardımıyla araştırılmaktadır. Analiz bulguları, patent sayısındaki artışın vasıflı kadın işsizlik oranını azaltırken, toplam faktör verimliliğindeki artış vasıfsız kadın işsizlik oranını arttırmaktadır. Öte yandan beşeri sermayedeki artışın vasıfsız kadın işsizlik oranını düşürmekte olduğu tespit edilmektedir.Öğe Asgari Ücret ve Ekonomik Büyüme Hızının Emek ve Sermaye Gelirlerine Etkisi: OECD Ülkeleri için Sistem GMM Yaklaşımı(Mehmet Songur, 2024) Çelik, Ali; Koç, AbdilcelilÇalışmanın amacı OECD ülkelerinde 2008 Küresel Kriz sonrasında emek ve sermaye gelirlerinin gelişimini incelemek, asgari ücretteki ve büyüme hızındaki değişimin, emek ve sermaye gelirlerini nasıl etkilediğini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Ayrıca, COVİD- 19 pandemisinin emek ve sermaye gelirleri üzerinde bir kırılma oluşturup oluşturmadığını belirlemektir. Bazı OECD ülkelerinde asgari ücret uygulamasının olmaması, bazılarında da veri eksikliği nedeniyle, bu çalışma sadece 24 OECD ülkesini kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmada 2010-2021 dönemini kapsayan yıllık verilerle 24 OECD ülkesi için ekonomik büyüme hızı, asgari ücret artış hızı, enflasyon oranı ve COVID-19 pandemisinin sermaye ve emek gelirlerini hangi düzeyde etkilediği dinamik panel ekonometrisi yaklaşımıyla araştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada İki Aşamalı Sistem Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu (GMM) yöntemi kullanılmış olup, oluşturulan iki model çerçevesinde analiz gerçekleştirilmektedir. Birinci modelde sermaye gelirleri bağımlı değişken, sermaye gelirlerinin bir gecikmeli değeri ile ekonomik büyüme hızı, asgari ücret artış hızı, enflasyon oranı ve COVID-19 pandemi kuklası (Dummy) bağımsız değişkendir. İkinci modelde ise emek gelirleri bağımlı değişken, emek gelirlerinin bir gecikmeli değeri ile ekonomik büyüme hızı, asgari ücret artış hızı, enflasyon oranı ve COVID-19 pandemi kuklası (Dummy) bağımsız değişkendir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular ise şunlardır: Asgari ücret artış hızı ile sermaye gelirlerinin payı arasında negatif, emek gelirlerinin payı arasında ise pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Büyüme hızı, enflasyon ve pandemi sermaye gelirlerinin payını arttırırken, emek gelirlerinin payını olumsuz etkilediği görülmüştür.Öğe Capital stock, energy, and innovation-related aspects as drivers of environmental quality in high-tech investing economies(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY, 2023) Çelik, Ali; Alola, Andrew AdewaleBy looking at the technological advancement and climate change mitigation plan of the advanced economies, the current study examines the role of sustainable development aspects such as innovations, high technology export, labor productivity, capital stock, research and development (R&D), information and communication technology (ICT), capital stock, and energy use in mitigating environmental degradation for the selected panel of countries with the most investment in technology (China, Denmark, Finland, France, Israel, Korea, Hong Kong, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Singapore, Sweden, United Kingdom, and United States) over the period 2000–2018. Foremost, the pooled ordinary least square (POLS) and random-efects (RE) generalized least squares (GLS) approaches provided additional interesting inferences. As such, the POLS result revealed that only capital stock in the panel countries shows a desirable environmental efect. At the same time, labor productivity, innovation, R&D, ICT, and energy further hamper ecological quality in the examined panel countries. Similarly, the GLS result largely afrms the POLS results, with only the capital stock among the explanatory variables showing evidence of emission mitigation efect in the panel. Additionally, the panel Granger causality result illustrates evidence of unidirectional causality only innovation, ICT, and capital stock to environmental degradation.Öğe Carbon neutrality implication of material productivity, total factor productivity and renewable energy uptake in the Nordics(Elsevier, 2024) Çelik, Ali; Köstekci, Ahmet; Alola, Andrew AdewaleThe recent report of the European Commission (EC) indicates that the Nordic countries, especially Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden have some of the highest and above European Union (EU)'s average consumption per capita of domestic material. While reflecting on the environmental consequence of material uptake, this study examines the role of material productivity, total factor productivity, and renewable energy uptake in the region over the period 1970-2019. With the series of empirical approaches deployed for the panel investigation, the results establish that a gain in material productivity and total factor productivity mitigates carbon emission in the region by a statistically significant amount, thus indicating a positive sign toward green productivity/output and environmental sustainability. This evidence is also complimented by the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) i.e., inverted U-shaped nexus between economic output and environmental degradation in the investigation. Moreover, the results reveal that uptake in renewable energy usage also improves environmental quality arising from the energy source's capacity to reduce carbon emission. The findings in this investigation offers relevant policy reference toward improving material and resources efficiency.Öğe Covid-19 Döneminde Abd Borsaları, Altın Fiyatları ve VIX Endeksi ile Bitcoin ve Ethereum Fiyatları Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi(Anadolu Üniversitesi, 2022) Koç, Abdilcelil; Çelik, AliÇalışmanın amacı, 03.01.2020 ile 28.02.2022 dönemi için üretim araçlarındaki gelişmenin bir başka veçhesi olan dijitalleşme ile kripto paralara yönelimin hızlanmasının geleneksel borsalara alternatif olup olmayacağını simetrik ve asimetrik nedensellik test yöntemleriyle incelemektir. Bu çerçevede simetrik nedensellik analiz sonuçlarına göre, BTC ve ETH fiyatlarından SP500, NASDAQ ve DOWJ fiyatlarına doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi saptanmış, aynı zamanda VIX’ten BTC ve ETH’ye doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Asimetrik nedensellik analizi sonuçlarına göre SP500, NASDAQ, DOWJ ve Altın fiyatlarındaki negatif değişmelerden, BTC fiyatlarındaki pozitif değişmelere doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmişken, NASDAQ ve DOWJ fiyatlarındaki pozitif değişmelerden ETH fiyatlarının pozitif değişmelerine doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığına ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak kripto paralar arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi sınandığında BTC fiyatlarındaki negatif değişimlerden ETH fiyatlarındaki pozitif değişimlere, ETH fiyatlarındaki negatif değişimlerden BTC fiyatlarındaki pozitif değişimlere doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Depo raflarının farklı deprem ivmeleri altında davranışının incelenmesi(İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2023) Çelik, AliAğır yük ve palet rafı olarakta bilinen depo raf sistemleri; soğukta şekillendirilen ince cidarlı kesitlerlerden oluşmaktadır. Yaşadığımız yüzyıldaki küresel ekonomik koşullar, bu sistemlere olan talebi hızla artırmaktadır. Bir başka küresel faktör olan deprem, performans analizlerini önemli bir konu haline getirmiştir. Hızlı üretilebilmeleri, yüksek katlı yapılmaları ve taşıdığı yüklerin ağırlığı bakımından çelik konstrüktif yapı haline gelen bu sistemlerin depremselliği önem arz etmektedir. Özellikle deprem etkilerine karşı dayanımlarını etkileyen en önemli konu; ayaklarda kullanılan profil tipleridir. Süneklik düzeyi sınırlı olarak tasarlanan bu sistemlerde stabilite, merkezi çaprazlı çelik çerçeveler ile sağlanmaktadır. Deprem yer hareketleri; depolama raflarının doğru tasarlanmadığı durumlarda çökmesine veya devrilmesine neden olabilmektedir. Genel yaklaşım, bu tarz sistemlerin deprem esnasında sünek davranış göstebilmesi ve sistemin sınırlar içerisinde deplasman yaparak yıkılmadan ayak kalabilecek rijitliğe sahip olmasını şeklindedir. Bu çalışmada; staik yükler ile deprem etkilerinin, profil kapasitelerine nasıl etkidiği araştırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda örnek bir modül uygulaması tasarlanarak, farklı depremselliğe sahip bölgelerde kurulduğu varsayılacaktır. Elde edilen iç kuvvetler ve tasarım yaklaşımlarıyla farklı profil kesitlerinin dayanım kapasiteleri araştırılarak, yerli ve özellikle bu konuda ileri çalışmalara sahip yabancı ülke yönetmeleklerine göre irdelenecektir. Lojistik bir depoda yapılan raf gurubundan örnek bir modül alınarak, ön tasarımı autocad ortamında yapılmıştır. Daha sonra model sap2000 ortamına import edilerek; sonlu elemanlar yöntemiyle analizi yapılmıştır. Gerek analiz, gerekse sonuçların irdelenmesinde aşamasında CFS, TBDY 2018, ÇYHY 2016, FEMA 440, FEMA 365, AISI S100 yönetmelik ve şartnamelerinden faydalanılmıştır. Yatay deplasmanın merkezi çaprazlı gerdirmeler ile karşılanmasına rağmen, ayak profil tasarımlarında kesitlerin ve form şekillerinin arttığı gözlemlenmiştir.Öğe Döviz Kurundaki Değişimlerin Türkıye’nin Sektörel ve Faktör Donatımı Temelindeki İhracatına Etkileri: Yeni Dış Ticaret Politikasının Değerlendirilmesi(Marmara Üniversitesi, 2023) Çelik, AliÇalışmanın amacı, 2013-2021 yılları arası 108 aylık veri kullanarak reel döviz kurundaki değişimlerin Türkiye ekonomisinin sektörel ve faktör donatımı temelindeki ihracatına etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda özellikle ülke ekonomisinin dış ticaretindeki faktör yoğunlukları hesaplanmış, elde edilen değerler ekseninden kur değişimleri ile sektörel ve faktör yoğunlukları ihracatı ilişkisi, simetrik ve asimetrik nedensellik test yöntemleriyle sınanmıştır. Simetrik nedensellik testi sonucuna göre döviz kuru ile yatırım, ara malları, tüketim malları ve emek yoğun malların ihracatı arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmuşken kolay taklit edilebilen Ar-Ge bazlı mal ihracatına doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi saptanmıştır. Asimetrik nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre ise döviz kurundaki pozitif şoklardan tüketim malları ihracatının negatif şoklarına olmak üzere hammadde yoğun, emek yoğun, sermaye yoğun ve kolay taklit edilen Ar-Ge bazlı mal ihracatının pozitif şoklarına doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Öte yandan, döviz kurundaki negatif şoklardan tüketim mallarının negatif ve pozitif şoklarına doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar çerçevesinde izlenen yeni dış ticaret politikası (rekabetçi kur) ile ülke ekonomisinin yüksek katma değerli sanayileşme stratejisi arasındaki bağlantı değerlendirilmiştir.Öğe Effects of Coronavirus Pandemic on Stock Markets in The European Union(Pamukkale Üniversitesi, 2022) Çelik, Ali; Nergiz, Ebru; Akdağ, NuranThe world is undergoing one of the biggest economic crises since the 1929 Great Depression with the coronavirus pandemic. The emergence of the COVID pandemic, before the effects of the 2008 global economic crisis had not evaded, triggered the dynamics of the economic crisis again. The European Union (EU) economy is also profoundly affected by the crisis. This paper explores the relationship between the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and Europe's most important stock market indices by using time series analysis. While performing the analysis, three different models were created. In this context, the number of cases of COVID-19 has been used as independent variables, while DAX Index, CAC 40 Index, and Euronext 100 Index have been tested as dependent variables, respectively. The analysis results prove that there is a long-run cointegration relationship between variables. We also found that the Error Correction Model results are statistically significant. Consequently, the estimator results determine that the COVID-19 negatively affected the European stock markets.Öğe Effects of urbanization and international trade on economic growth, productivity, and employment: Case of selected countries in Africa(CELL PRESS, 50 HAMPSHIRE ST, FLOOR 5, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139, 2024) Çelik, Ali; Bajja, Salwa; Radoine, Hassan; Chenal, Jerome; Bouyghrissi, SoufianeThe rapid urbanization taking place in Africa is resulting in the emergence of large urban agglomerations. Despite the potential and typical economic benefits associated with the emergence of such agglomerations elsewhere, not much can be said of Africa’s urbanization. With urbanization projections pointing to a continued increase, there is a need to understand the urbanization and economic dynamics relationship in order to exploit the full potential of this wave. Using a panel data set of urbanization rate, trade, economic growth, productivity and employment in six African countries for the period 1991–2019, we explore this relationship by adopting the crosssectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach using data from six African countries. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between urbanization, international trade, economic growth, productivity, and employment. they also show a causal relationship between the variables studied. In addition, the findings of this study reveal that international trade contributes, significantly, to improving the productivity in long run and the economic growth and employment increase the productivity in short run and employment in the selected African countries. This research study, therefore, contributes to the critical argument that African urbanization and international trade have significant economic potential and therefore need to be encouraged and managed effectively. This provides evidence for planners and policymakers to back policy geared toward sustainable urbanization and diversified international trade that will contribute to the structural transformation of African countries.Öğe Empirical Exploration of the Drivers of Human Development in Central and West Asian Countries: How Effective Are Control of Corruption, Political Stability and the Rule of Law?(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2025) Çelik, Ali; Köstekçi, AhmetGood governance indicators such as controlling corruption, establishing the rule of law, and ensuring political stability are central to social well-being as they affect both sustainable income growth and non-income indicators of human development. However, human development is still not a priority in Central and West Asia, where humanitarian problems are widespread and the literature on the impact of good governance on human development is limited. Moreover, the effects of corruption, rule of law and political stability on human development in Central and West Asia are not conclusive due to the limitations of inclusive studies. Therefore, this research explores the impact of economic, demographic, and environmental factors as well as governance factors such as corruption, political stability, and the rule of law on human development in Central and West Asian countries applying the advanced panel econometric techniques for the period between 2002 and 2021. The findings indicate that corruption has a negative influence on human development, but raising control of corruption has positive impact on human development. Furthermore, political stability and the rule of law positively contribute human development. Moreover, trade openness, and CO2 emissions promote human development, while inflation, unemployment and, population growth have negative effects on human development. In conclusion, the findings obtained from the study provide important clues and new perspectives for policy makers to achieve the human development goal in the region in question. Accordingly, our results stress that Central and West Asian countries need to adopt transparency and accountability-oriented policies to reduce corruption, establish the rule of law and ensure political stability in order to achieve high human development.Öğe Environmental degradation in emerging-market economies of Africa: evaluating impacts of human capital development, international trade, renewable energy consumption, and urbanization(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE CH-1015, SWITZERLAND, 2024) Bajja, Salwa; El-Bouayady, Rachida; Çelik, Ali; Ahmed, Zahoor; Radoine, HassanThis research explores the impact of human capital development, international trade, financial development, renewable energy consumption, and urbanization on environmental degradation in emerging-market economies in Africa. The study adopts a quantitative approach using panel data from 8 African countries between 1991 and 2021. The study adopted the method of Mean Group Dynamic Least Squares and Method of moments quantile regression methods to estimate the empirical relationship between the variables of interest. The findings indicate that urbanization, energy consumption, economic growth, and human capital development have significant and positive effects on environmental degradation, while financial development, renewable energy consumption, manufacturing activities, and international trade have a significant negative effect on environmental degradation. The study concludes that policymakers in emergingmarket economies in Africa need to promote financial development and renewable energy consumption while simultaneously addressing the negative impacts of urbanization on the environment to achieve sustainable economic growth.Öğe Examining the environmental aspect of economic complexity outlook and environmental-related technologies in the Nordic states(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Alola, Andrew Adewale; Çelik, Ali; Awan, Usama; Abdallah, İbrahim; Obekpa, Hephzibah OnyejeUnderstanding the outlook of countries' economic complexity is vital for assessing the future of industries' product characterization. It provides opportunity and insight on how to mitigate the negative externalities that arises from the increasing pressure on the ecosystem. Based on this account, the effect of economic complexity and the corresponding outlook on environmental degradation vis-a-vis greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions alongside other environmental indicators are examined for the panel of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden for the period 1995 to 2020. After employing Driscoll- Kraay's standard errors for random effect (RE) with individual effects for the examination, the results indicate that the region's level of economic complexity favors environmental sustainability. Contrarily, the economic complexity outlook spurs GHG emissions, thus suggesting that future performance of the region's economic complexity could be detrimental to its ecosystem. Another similar, and undesirable observation is that the increase in urban population hampers environmental quality as it causes a surge in GHG emissions. Meanwhile, the results then conclude that economic growth, economic complexity, and environmental-related technologies are found to be potent drivers of environmental sustainability as the indicators exert negative pressure on GHG emissions in the Nordic region. Important policies that potentially guide immediate, and future sector-wide activities toward enhancing the region's sustainable development programs are posited through the study outcome.Öğe Examining the roles of labour standards, economic complexity, and globalization in the biocapacity deficiency of the ASEAN countries(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106, 2023) Çelik, Ali; Alola, Andrew AdewaleWith Singapore currently the world's most natural capital (biocapacity) deficit alongside four other Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries having varying degree of ecological deficit, i.e. Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand, it then offers a clear justification for a more scrutiny of the ASEAN states' ecological footprint dynamics. To provide more insight on the drivers of ecological footprint in the overall panel and for each of the above-mentioned countries, the roles of economic complexity, average working hours, labour productivity, labour income share, and globalization were examined by employing the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares Mean Group (DOLSMG) alongside the recently developed (non)time-variant Granger causality approaches. For the overall panel, the DOLSMG approach established that labour productivity, labour income share, and globalization reduce the biocapacity deficit by improving ecological quality while economic complexity worsen the region's environmental quality. Additionally, in the overall panel, there is Granger causality evidence from the average working hour, labour income share, labour productivity, globalization, and economic complexity to ecological footprint. Moreover, the results of the two Granger causality approaches are unanimous in evidence. For instance, average working hours per year is a significant causal of ecological footprint in all the sampled countries at varying periods. Specifically, there are Granger causalities: from labour productivity to ecological footprint in Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand; from globalization to ecological footprint in Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand; from economic complexity to ecological footprint in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, all at varying times.Öğe G20 Ülkelerinde Sağlık Harcamalarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisinin Analizi(Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, 2020) Çelik, AliFiziki sermaye argümanına bilhassa 1980’li yıllardan sonra bilgi, beceri ve maddi olmayan emek süreçlerinin dâhil olması yeni bir tarihsel momentuma işaret etmektedir. Fiziki sermayenin anti tezi olarak kavranan beşeri sermaye bu dönemsel koşulların ürünüdür. Beşeri sermayede, insan merkezli bir yaklaşım söz konusudur. Dolayısıyla eğitim, sağlık, nüfus ya da bir bütün olarak demografik öğeler dikkate alınmaktadır. Fakat iktisat çalışmalarında beşeri sermaye dendiğinde ağırlıklı olarak eğitim harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüme ilişkisine odaklanılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı, beşeri sermaye faktörünün bir diğer önemli bileşeni olan sağlık harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi panel veri ekonometrisi yöntemini kullanarak G20 ülkeleri özelinde araştırmaktır. Bu bağlamda, Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) Panel Nedensellik testi sonucuna göre; ekonomik büyüme rakamlarından sağlık harcamalarına doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi mevcuttur. Uzun dönemli eşbütünleşme katsayıları sonuçlarına bakıldığında ise panelin geneli için kişi başına düşen sağlık harcamalarındaki (SH) artışların, ekonomik büyüme (EB) rakamlarına pozitif ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı düzeyde etkilediği bulgulanmıştır. Bu sonuca göre, kişi başına sağlık harcamalarındaki %1’lik artış, uzun dönemde ekonomik büyüme rakamlarını %0.81 oranında artırmaktadır.Öğe Harmonizing eco-friendly transport system: A blueprint for addressing energy consumption and environmental impact in Benin(ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2025) Bajja, Salwa; Çelik, Ali; Fumey, Michael Provide; Padonou, Vodoungnon AnignikinThis study uses economic and ecological parameters to examine the trends in energy consumption and environmental degradation in Benin’s transport sector. With growing economic growth, Benin is confronted with increased greenhouse gas emissions and pollution from road transport. The study thus assesses the nexus between CO2 emissions, energy use, industry, and economic growth in Benin’s transport context using data from 1990 to 2020. Using econometric models such as the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test and Maki’s cointegration test, the study was based on significant long-run interactions between those variables. It also established energy consumption and industrial expansion as substantial contributors to CO2. The study findings, therefore, established that these emissions were directly proportional to the rise in the GDP. The results also showed that infrastructure and capital investment could contribute to lower levels of these emissions over time. The following specific policy framework will balance economic development with environmental protection by encouraging green investment, efficient use of energy, and renewable energy. Emphasis on electric vehicles, improved public transport, and urban planning can align Benin with sustainability goals. Similarly, the principles of sustainable development applicable to Benin’s transport sector include the ‘polluter pays’ principle, intergenerational equity, and the adoption of clean technologies. Measures include mandatory emissions testing for vehicles, investment in e-mobility infrastructure, and integrating lifecycle analysis in transport project planning. Thus, this work contributes to an informed level of sustainable urban planning and provides the policy framework within which energy challenges are responded to in the context of economic growth.Öğe How effective are transport energy consumption, trade openness, and financial development in achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs)? What are the realities and myths for selected African countries?(ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2025) Bajja, Salwa; Çelik, Ali; Fumey, Michael ProvideThis research paper explores the nexus of urban development in some selected African economies, urban transport energy consumption, and their combined effects on environmental quality in four African countries. Using data from 1990 to 2021 on transport energy consumption and environmental quality with insights into urban policies, the research sheds light on the challenges and prospects within the region’s urbanization. The findings, by using the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) method, show that the relationship between openness to trade and CO2 emissions differs significantly between countries. In highly industrialized economies like South Africa, trade openness increases emissions because it is associated with the growth of carbon-intensive industries. Conversely, in lowly developed nations like Kenya, the link between trade openness and emissions is weak, implying that industrial composition is crucial in controlling the environmental impacts of trade. The findings for economic growth show varied outcomes, and trade openness depends on the countries involved. The empirical analysis also supports the first hypothesis, which indicates a statistically significant positive association between transport energy utilization and CO2 emissions. They highlight escalating energy demands in transportation and associated environmental impacts, underscoring the need for policy interventions to promote sustainable alternatives. This research provides essential insights for policymakers and urban planners, offering a nuanced understanding of the complex relationships between urban development and sustainable urban transport and their implications for energy consumption and environmental sustainability in Africa, thus emphasizing the urgency of adopting sustainable practices to effectively guide the region’s urbanization.Öğe How Much Influence Do Political Factors Have on Environmental Degradation in MENA Countries? The Method of Moments Quantile Approach(WILEY, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ, 2025) Çelik, AliCompared to economic and social factors, political factors play an important role in achieving environmental sustainability goals. Furthermore, an adequate understanding of the impact of political factors on environmental degradation can contribute positively to slowing the pace of climate change by guiding climate policy. This study examines the role of globalization, democracy, and political corruption on ecological footprint and material footprint based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the selected 15-Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries over the period between 2001 and 2021 employing advanced panel data analysis. The empirical findings suggest that (i) the EKC hypothesis is valid in MENA countries in terms of material footprint, that is, GDP has an inverted U-shaped relationship with material footprint (the turning point of the EKC is 83.173.522.697$), but ecological footprint increases monotonically with GDP based on random effects (RE) estimation results with robust standard errors. However, the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) estimation revealed that the EKC hypothesis is valid in terms of ecological footprint for lower quantiles; (ii) globalization increases the ecological and material footprints, that is, it threatens environmental sustainability; (iii) the development of democracy decreases the ecological and material footprints, that is, democracy contributes to environmental sustainability; (iv) the increase in political corruption boosts the ecological footprint and, as an interesting result, decreases the material footprint. To the end, the findings will provide a qualified contribution to the emergency action plans that need to be prepared for authorities, policymakers, and decision makers in the MENA countries to prevent climate change. Indeed, policies developed to prevent climate change should be multi-dimensional.Öğe Human capital and manufacturing activities under environmentally-driven urbanization in the MENA region(FRONTIERS MEDIA SAAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE CH-1015, SWITZERLAND, 2024) Bajja, Salwa; Radoine, Hassan; Çelik, Ali; Dakyaga, Francis; Damrah, SadeqMiddle East and North Africa (MENA) region possesses immense capacity for renewable energy generation. Despite the potential, most countries in the region are yet to fully embrace renewable energy. Non-renewable sources still dominate their energy mix. This study examines the interplay between urbanization, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, and environmental quality in the six Middle Eastern and North African countries from 1990 to 2021, using the mean group (MG), the mean group dynamic least squares (DOLSMG), the common correlated effect (CCE), augmented mean group (AMG) and the cross-section augmented ARDL (CS–ARDL). Accounting for urbanization, and economic growth, the findings of DOLSMG indicate that while renewable energy and manufacturing activities significantly contribute to environmental quality, urbanization and human capital development significantly contributes to environmental degradation. The CS-ARDL short-term and long run estimation result showed that manufacturing activities significantly contribute to environmental quality, When examined by country, it was found that there is a unidirectional causal relationship from economic growth, manufacturing value added, urbanization, human capital development to dioxide emissions in Saudi Arabia. While there is a unidirectional causality from manufacturing value added to dioxide emissions in Jordan, and a unidirectional causality from urbanization to dioxide emissions in Tunisia.Öğe Modelling the dynamics of urbanization for urban sustainability in West Africa(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Radoine, Hassan; Bajja, Salwa; Dakyaga, Francis; Çelik, Ali; Kamana, Alanda; Yakubu, Hassan; Chenal, JeromeThe West African region, one of the largest urban agglomerations in Africa has over decades experienced rapid rate of urbanization. The urbanization processes have been associated with manifold environmental and socioeconomic challenges including inefficient urban infrastructure, unaffordable housing, poor sanitation and informal settlements. Urban scholars following the rise of urbanization and climate change in West Africa have advocated for policies and programmes towards the reduction of carbon footprints and sustainable human settlements, while emphasizing on the needs to plan for urban sustainability. Yet limited studies have so far analysed the dynamics of urbanization in West Africa, especially in relations to sustainability. Motivated by the evolving debates on urban sustainability, this study contributes to urban planning discourse, by exploring the dynamics of energy consumption, gross domestic product, employment levels and productivity in six countries in West Africa and demonstrate the implications for urban sustainability. Using the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR)-Mean Group (MG) model, we analysed annual data from 1991 to 2018 of Urban Population Growth, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, and Greenhouse gas emissions. The study revealed variation across the selected countries in terms of rate of urbanization, productivity, and energy consumption. The results suggest the need for commonalities as well as differentiated approaches towards improving urban environmental quality for urban sustainability. Furthermore, while there is a need to promote green urban infrastructure, concerted efforts are required towards promoting sustainable urban environmental quality. © 2024 The Authors
