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dc.contributor.authorMersin, Kadir
dc.contributor.authorYıldırım, Metin
dc.contributor.authorAlola, Andrew Adewale
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-11T17:56:03Z
dc.date.available2024-05-11T17:56:03Z
dc.date.issued2023en_US
dc.identifier.issn0944-1344
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11363/7333
dc.description.abstractCountries’ sectors are currently under great scrutiny for their response to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission profle and the general efect of the sectoral activities on the environment. As in the agenda of all sectors, environmental concerns and investigations are of high importance in shipping and maritime transport. Amidst the rising forms of globalization, the need for sustainable transportation is constantly increasing. However, the machines that are the cornerstone of transportation largely depend on fossil fuels, thus resulting in environmental degradation. Notably, environmental-related degradation has continued to account for global warming, climate change, and ocean acidifcation. Shipping is considered the most environmentally friendly mode of transportation in terms of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per ton per mile of transported unit load when compared against road transportation. In this study, six ferry lines (FLs) of Washington State Ferries were calculated to compare ship-generated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions with those from road transportation as if the carried vehicles had used the highway instead of transport by FL. While making these calculations, the Greatest Integer function (GIF) and Trozzi and Vaccaro function (TVF) were utilized. From the examined three scenarios, i.e., all passengers travel by car instead of ferry as scenario 1, all ferries carry both cars and passengers as scenario 2, and all car-free passengers travel by bus instead of ferry as scenario 3, the outlined results are as follows: (i) none of the cars were carried by the ferry, and carfree passengers preferred traveling by their own cars as observed in scenario 1; (ii) hypothetical scenarios (1 to 3) in which the road vehicles carried on FLs had instead used the highway, and the total potential CO2 emissions of these road vehicles were calculated as 2,638,858.138, 704,958.2998, and 1,394,148.577 tonnes per year, respectively. Policy-wise, this study revealed the management strategies for CO2 emissions reduction for two transport modes, shipping and road transportation, under current conditions.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherEnvironmental Science and Pollution Researchen_US
dc.relation.isversionofhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28281-7en_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectEnvironmental sustainabilityen_US
dc.subjectRoad and waterwaysen_US
dc.subjectTrozzi and Vaccaro functionen_US
dc.subjectGreatest Integer functionen_US
dc.subjectUnited Statesen_US
dc.titleComparative analysis of the USA’s Washington Ferries and road transport carbon emissions using the Trozzi and Vaccaro and Greatest Integer functionsen_US
dc.typearticleen_US
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Science and Pollution Researchen_US
dc.departmentİktisadi İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesien_US
dc.authoridhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3999-6960en_US
dc.authoridhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0424-9834en_US
dc.identifier.volume30en_US
dc.identifier.startpage85113en_US
dc.identifier.endpage85124en_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.contributor.institutionauthorMersin, Kadir
dc.contributor.institutionauthorYıldırım, Metin
dc.contributor.institutionauthorAlola, Andrew Adewale


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