Exercise and Caloric Restriction Improves Liver Damage in Metabolic Syndrome Model

Abstract

Objective: Detecting the level of antioxidant and tissue damage that can occur in liver tissue induced metabolic syndrome by a high fructose diet in rats and the changes after exercise and/or caloric restriction. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups: control (C), metabolic syndrome (M), metabolic syndrome with exercise (ME), metabolic syndrome with caloric restriction (MCR), and metabolic syndrome with exercise and caloric restriction (MECR). To induce metabolic syndrome, a 10% fructose solution was given to rats in drinking water for 3 months. Exercise and caloric restriction were applied to the related groups for 6 weeks after the induction of metabolic syndrome. Glucose in the blood, lipid peroxidation (LPO), sialic acid (SA), hexosamine, mucin, fucose, glutathione (GSH) levels, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tissue factor (TF), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-Stransferase (GST) activities were measured in rat liver homogenates. Results: In the liver, LPO levels increased and TF activities decreased in the M group compared to the C group and increased in the MCR and MECR groups compared to M group. GSH levels, SOD, and CAT activities decreased in M compared to C group and increased more significantly in MECR group compared to M group. SA levels increased in MCR and MECR groups compared with M group. Fucose levels also increased in MECR compared with the all others. Conclusion: Liver tissue damage that occurs after a fructose diet and decreased antioxidant levels was shown to improve best in combined exercise and caloric restriction treatment (MECR group).