Özdemir, OnurÇevikalp, Sedef2024-09-112024-09-1120211744-9928https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGE.2021.119917https://hdl.handle.net/11363/8384This study investigates the tripartite relationship between ecological footprint, economic growth, and technological change in Turkey over the 1961-2017 period. The sample is divided into three periods as 1961-1989 (i.e., pre-liberalisation era), 1990-2017 (i.e., post-liberalisation era), and 1961-2017 (i.e., full-sample era) to grasp the structural transformation of socio-economic framework in Turkey. The econometric analysis is based on the combined co-integration test developed by Bayer and Hanck in 2013 to detect whether the series are co-integrated or not. The empirical findings show that the series are highly co-integrated in terms of different estimated models and each selected period. The estimation results also indicate that there is a long-run linkage among the series. In other words, each indicator has an economic meaning to contribute to their changes over the long-run period. © 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessBayer-Hanck combined Co-integration approach; Ecological footprint; Economic growth; Structural break; Technological changeArticle15212714810.1504/IJGE.2021.1199172-s2.0-85122351910Q2