Life quality, depression, and anxiety levels in parents of children with primary immunodeficiency

Abstract

Background: Primary immune deficiencies (PID) encompasses genetic disorders that result in recurrent infections and immune dysregulation, often increasing the risk of malignancies. The aim of this study is to determine the quality of life, depression, and anxiety in parents of children with PID. Methods: Various validated assessmenttools, including theBeck Depression Inventory (BDI), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the 36-item Short Form Survey (SF36), and a demographic form, were employed to gather data from 85 parents of 64 PID patients and 85 parents of 75 healthy children. Results: The findings reveal that parents of PID patients exhibited higher BDI, STAI-S, STAI-T, and fatigue subdomain of SF-36 (p= .013, p= .013, p= .027, p= .000). Both parents had lower energy levels than the normal population, but mothers experienced higher levels of anxiety and depression. PID mothers' had higher scores than fathers of PID patients with healthy children in BDI, STAI-S, and STAI-T (p= .002, p= .010, p= .001). Mothers of PID patients reported lower scores in RLEP, E/F, EWB, P, and GH compared to fathers (p= .009, p= .005, p= .034, p= .001, p= .003). Additionally, the study found that STAI-T influenced all subdimensions of HRQOL. These results highlight the substantial emotional and psychological burden placed on parents caring for children with PID. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of supporting caregivers to enhance the overall well-being of both parents and children with PID. Such support can potentially alleviate depression and anxiety levels among parents, ultimately improving their quality of life and aiding in the management of children with PID.